Analysis of the poem "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814)

"Memories in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814)) - one of the most famous poems of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He wrote it at the age of 15. The poem is known not only for its content, but also for what it earned the praise of the famous poet of that time - Gabriel Derzhavin, who recognized the talent of the young poet.

Contents of the poem

The poem "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814)g.) bears the features of two genres: ode and elegy. His lyrical hero lists the monuments of Tsarskoe Selo, which swim before his eyes. This is the Chesme Column, established in memory of the successful victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish army in 1770, a monument that appeared after the success of the Rumyantsev armada again over the Turks. This time at the place of Cahul in the same 1770 year. In the text of the poem the author remembers the glorious and great generals of those times, their successes and poets who sang them.

In the poem "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo"(1814), the hero thinks about a new century, which began recently. And it has already happened a lot of events that shook Russia: the invasion of Napoleon's troops, burnt Moscow, the conquest of Paris.

In the finale of his work the poet as if turns to the contemporary poet Zhukovsky, whom he calls the skald of Russia. He calls all those around him to praise the future successes of the Russian people.

Analysis of the poem "Memories in TsarSelo "(1814) is always aimed at the high role of the poet in the society, which the author points out: Pushkin directly states that every epoch requires not only generals and brave soldiers, but also poets who will inspire heroes to their exploits.

Creating a poem

The poem "Memoirs in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814)Pushkin wrote in the autumn of 1814. He did it as necessary - his own work was required to be read at the examination at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where the poet studied.

An open public examination was held attransition from junior to senior. His participation in the exam was confirmed by the famous poet of that time Gabriel Derzhavin. Learning about this, the teacher of literature Lyceum Galich suggested Pushkin, who has repeatedly published his lyrics, write for this event some decent poem.

Just before the exam, rehearsal took place. Such a requirement was put forward by the Minister of Education under the government, Alexei Razumovsky. He himself was present at it. Then for the first time Pushkin presented his work. "Memories in Tsarskoye Selo" (1814) made a big impression on everyone.

Examination of Pushkin

The exam in the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was held inthe very beginning of 1815. Arrived Derzhavin felt unwell. He was old, and the exam lasted too long. He revived only when they evaluated Russian literature.

Lyceum students recited and recited the poems of Derzhavin himself. He listened attentively and with pleasure.

Pushkin later wrote that he had read the poem"Memories in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814), being a few steps from Derzhavin. Hardly having finished reading, he immediately ran away, not remembering where. Derzhavin was delighted, he demanded that the poet be brought to him in order to embrace him. He immediately stated that this poet could replace him.

Fate of the text

After the exam, Derzhavin asked Pushkin to send him a handwritten text of the poem. The second copy was at his native uncle Vasily Lvovich. So the text became famous and popular.

In 1815 the poem was published in the journal"Russian Museum, or Journal of European News." In 1819, working on the first collection of his poems, which never came out, Pushkin revised the text. From it, he removed the mention of Alexander I as the savior of Europe.

It was only possible to include it in the collection in 1825. He was sent to the censor, as a result, he was not in the published book. It is believed that the censor drew attention to the fact that Pushkin removed the stanza dedicated to the emperor. And the text was well known precisely in its original form. This fact could not remain unnoticed.

By the way, in 1829 the poet created another poem under the same name. It begins with the words "Embarrassed Embarrassed ...". Confusing these two texts is not worth it.

The meaning of the poem in Pushkin's work

In the fate of the poet this poem played a greatrole. The fact that Derzhavin, who died a year later, publicly named Pushkin his successor, made a great impression on his contemporaries. And when the genius of Pushkin opened in all its glory, the event was considered symbolic. It saw the transfer of the creative relay from the XVIII to the XIX century.

Great influence on Pushkin had and Derzhavin himself. The poet repeatedly addressed him in his works.

For example, in "Eugene Onegin" the phrase "The old man Derzhavin noticed us / And, in a coffin coming down, blessed" soon became a winged one.

Analysis of the poem

Where should the analysis begin? "Memories in Tsarskoe Selo" (1814) is a work in which the poet passes from the successful years of the 18th century, when the country was ruled by Empress Catherine II, to a very recent past. He tells in detail about the events of the war against the French, noting the main ones: the burning of Moscow and the Battle of Borodino. Describes the victorious march of the Russian army across Europe to the very heart of Europe.

Victory over Napoleon, the poet compares with getting rid of the "scourge of the universe." Appeal in the end of the poem to Zhukovsky made a particularly strong impression on that.

Text Features

What else can be included in the analysis? "Memoirs in Tsarskoye Selo" (1814) by Pushkin is a poem that contains the obvious signs of classicism, which the 18th century was so famous for. For example, among other texts of Pushkin it is singled out by the solemn syllable with which it is written.

At the same time Pushkin does not shy away at alluse archaisms. So, describing what happened during the war against Napoleon, he mentions the sound of swords and mail. But it is obvious that neither of them was used in the 19th century. But Pushkin deliberately uses these images to give his text more sublimity and solemnity. In fact, the so-called music of the battle of that time was artillery.

At the same time Alexander Pushkin in his poem is guided not only by the examples of classicism. In the text clearly visible and obvious romantic-sentimental features.

The most striking example is the description of the landscape at the very beginning of the poem, which sets the mood for the entire text.

Thus it is necessary to recognize an obvious fact, that itselfthe poem is clearly imitative. In it, Pushkin collects the best that the older generation of poets produced at that time, the most significant representative of which was exactly Derzhavin. Based on their works, Pushkin at the same time forms his own, uncharacteristic, individual and unique style.

This is what Derzhavin appreciated and so highly appreciated, who was present at the Pushkin exam.