Water purification system in a private house: features, characteristics, types and reviews

Human health depends on the fact,what water he uses. Particular attention to its cleaning should be given in a private house, where consumption is often made from wells and wells. Water, consumed from the central water supply, also sometimes needs to be filtered. For this, a water purification system is used in a private house.

How to make water cleaner

Before talking about improving water quality,it is necessary to understand its composition, for which the laboratory analysis is carried out. Most often it contains an excessive amount of hardness salts. In addition, heavy metals may be present in the water. Softeners help both.

Natural water is contaminated with sand, silt,bacteria, toxic substances. After determining its composition, further it is necessary to establish several stages of filtration with the target direction. Only then the system of water purification from the well for a private house will be effective. The same applies to water from wells and central water pipes.

Types of filters for a water treatment system

• mechanical cleaning of silt, sand and other particles;
• mitigation;
• removal of nitrates, heavy metals and petroleum products;
• disinfection.

For each stage of cleaning, it is important to choose the right performance.

Stages of water treatment

The system of water purification from the well for a private house contains a maximum of 5 steps:

• mechanical;
• electrochemical;
• clarification through catalysts;
• adsorption;
• biological.

Mechanical cleaning

Cartridges contain a grid with small cells. The filter element may be porous polypropylene. Separate pollution: sand, rust, sludge, etc. The throughput of mechanical filters is restored by reverse periodic washing. With active application, the cartridge can serve for about a year, after which it must be replaced. The mechanical cleaning stage is used in all systems.

Adsorption

Cartridges contain highly porous fillers: activated carbon, silica gel, aluminosilicate, zeolites. They trap and retain in the micropores harmful organic compounds. Water becomes transparent and gets rid of unpleasant odors. Adsorption filters are quickly clogged and require frequent replacement. With long-term use of pollution begin to move into water.

You can use cartridges with agranular loading, which can be washed. But here only mechanical particles are removed. Adsorbed impurities are retained in the pores by forces, sometimes exceeding gravitational ones.

Removal of iron

The iron is oxidized with a special charge, after which it forms a precipitate and is removed by mechanical cleaning.

Softening

Water is softened by filters containingion exchange resin. In it, calcium and magnesium are replaced by soluble sodium. The resource of the cartridge is directly dependent on the hardness of the water. Usually it is less than other methods of cleaning and is 200-800 liters.

Filters are regenerated in a solution of table salt. Over time, the resin loses its useful properties and begins to enrich the water with impurities. Visually, this can be seen from the output of darkened water.

Membrane filters

Methods of forcing water through membranes are classified according to the size of the pores:

• microfiltration - 0,05-10 microns (fine cleaning from suspensions);
• ultrafiltration - 0,001-0,05 m (removal of microscopic particles and microorganisms);
• nanofiltration and reverse osmosis - 0,001 μm or less (delay of metal salts, organic and microbiological contamination).

Aeration

The aeration columns remove hydrogen sulphide from the water,iron, manganese and prevent the multiplication of microbes. A compressor is needed to supply compressed air. The advantage of the system is the lack of replaceable cartridges.

Columns with a compressor will cost more, but in the long term they are more profitable.

Aeration is particularly effective as a stage of a wastewater treatment system for a private house.

Filters for water treatment in a private house: how to choose

Purification of water can be carried out with reagents andwithout them. For the former, substances that oxidize pollutants such as dissolved iron are needed. The price they have is small, but operation requires the cost of replaceable filters in order to maintain the efficiency at a given level. The method is suitable for the preparation of industrial water, but not drinking water.

More modern is the reagentless systemwater treatment in a private house. Customer feedback notes that it costs more when buying, but with its help you can clean water up to the drinking level.

Filters for water in a private house. Cleaning system

Filtering is performed in several stages in stages.

At the input of water into the house it is first mechanicallyis cleaned of large particles. The next stage of finishing cleaning is to remove salts and small impurities to use water for drinking. Several methods are used here.

1. Filters-pitchers. The main filtering agent is activated carbon. The device can be purchased by everyone, thanks to the low cost. The speed and volume of filtration here are small, but for everyday needs it suits many. Despite the ease of use, jar filters have a sufficiently high cleaning efficiency. Most often you can find the filter-jugs of the companies "Aquafor" and "Barrier", the price of which is in the range of 250-700 rubles.
2. Dispenser - household water purifier. It is more used for organizations and public places. It is equipped with multi-stage filters, can be connected to a water pipe, contains heating devices. Large amounts of storage and additional functions raise the price of the dispenser to 5 thousand rubles.
3. A multi-stage water purification system in a privatehouse and apartment, installed under the sink, is a series of interchangeable cartridges connected to the water pipe. For clean drinking water, a separate tap is often installed. The throughput is about 3 l / min, the resource is within 4000-15000 l. The most effective is a five-stage water purification system in a private house, the price of which varies widely. The most expensive devices, where the reverse osmosis method is applied. The plants are controlled by controllers that monitor system parameters, water quality, and also give a signal about the development of cartridge life of the resource.

Choice of water purification method

The water purification system in a private house in most cases removes iron and salt stiffness. Therefore, the filtration system must be mixed.

Sequential installation of filters allows to remove various impurities. Before choosing a particular system, you need to pay attention to the following.

1. The performance of filters should satisfyneeds in water. At low throughput, the quality of the filtering decreases. This is important for mechanical cleaning, where the flow should not be very intense. Only in this case the contamination will remain in the filter. Too powerful filter is also not needed, because it is oversized and expensive.
2. The cleaning methods are selected according to the chemicalcomposition of water. If there is an excess of iron in it, a device is used to remove it, and water softening is produced by a system that reduces the concentration of hardness salts.
3. Filtration is carried out in stages, with the consequent removal of certain types of pollution.
4. Filter flasks should be selected so that any cartridges fit into them and there were no problems with their replacement.

Reviews

The best purification of water is reverse osmosis. The system should be with the mineralizer, since the distillate is produced at the outlet. If consumption is seasonal, the system is not suitable. It is important here that it be permanent. When cleaning by reverse osmosis, up to 50% of the water is wasted.

For technical needs, softening agents are effectiveexchange filters. Especially they are important for heating appliances, which fail when hardening salts hardness. For washing machines it is recommended to use separate small softening filters.

At high contamination, mechanicalFiltering is best done on reusable filters with metal grids. Polypropylene cartridges will have to be changed frequently, which makes water purification more expensive.

Some users believe that there are no unnecessary filters. For example, if a deferrizer is installed, and the iron concentration is within the limits of the norm, the device will serve for a very long time.

To ensure that the cleaning system is compact, it is recommended to install under the sink complex filter cartridges that remove several types of contaminants.

If the water from a natural source does not rock for a long time, it is recommended that it be discarded first, until the turbidity disappears, and then passed through the filters. So they will last longer.

Manufacturers

A well-known company producing filtersis a large company "Ekvols". Experts of the company do not recommend to choose the cleaning devices independently, and also to mount them by oneself. Here, a set of measures is required to ensure the receipt of high-quality water with a professional approach. The selection of a water treatment station from a well for a private house is carried out by special services, which also perform installation and maintenance.

Known companies that produce reliableequipment, are "Geyser", "Barrier", "Aquaphor", "EcoDar". Who does not want to communicate with complex systems of water purification, acquires filter-jugs of the firms "Geyser" and "Aquafor". They also produce integrated cleaning systems. The water purification system in the private house "Aquafor" is reliable and durable.

When installing filtration systems, experts suggest following the advice.

1. First of all, you need to do a water analysis inlaboratory, and then turn to professionals to choose a suitable system for the indicators obtained. If the wells are shallow, a water test is recommended periodically.
2. Small filters can be installed manually, but it is better to commission the installation of complex systems to specialists.
3. With any filtration method, one can not neglect the stage of coarse cleaning, due to which it is possible to purify water more economically.
4. When choosing the products of those or other manufacturers, you should first review the reviews.

Conclusion

The water purification system in a private house will beeffective if it is correct to determine the types and performance of replaceable filter cartridges. They are selected with the most common size, at affordable prices and with the possibility of easy installation.