How to calculate the optimal angle of the ladder?
The construction process involves strictobservance of certain standards and rules. They were developed not one year. Accurate calculation and experience of builders allowed to create clear rules for each stage of construction.
Almost every house needs a staircase. Depending on the type of construction, it can be either a small screw, or a wide march. But for each similar object it is required to observe certain rules. When choosing the angle of the stairs, pay attention to some parameters of the room. This allows you to create a comfortable object. It is convenient to climb and descend along such a ladder. The process of its creation will be discussed next.
General concept of slope
Long-term experience of builders suggests thatThe most comfortable angle of inclination of the stairs is the indicator from 30 to 45 degrees. However, convenience is not the only parameter to rely on when building such an architectural element. The limited space also affects the angle of the stairs.
A spiral staircase is preferable ifthe room does not differ significantly in size. Marching species require sufficient space. After all, to create a comfortable slope you need a flight that will take a significant place.
A steep staircase is not only uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If the angle is more than 45 degrees, the climb will be difficult for children and the elderly. Such stairs are acceptable in a country house, if they are not very often used.
If the angle of the slope exceeds 50 degrees, it will be possible to climb it only with the help of hands. This causes certain inconveniences.
Maximum slope
For each kind of object there isthe maximum index in (angle of inclination) degrees. Stairs can be household, side, ramps, household or evacuation. For internal purposes, a gradient of less than 30 degrees is almost never used.
The maximum angle for household objects thatare inside the living quarters, is 45 degrees. For ramps, this figure is even smaller. When creating such an object, it is inadmissible to make the plane tilt more than 30 degrees.
But here for the ladders, the maximum gradecan reach almost 75 degrees. But in a residential building such an architectural object is not very useful. Also, evacuation ladders can have a slope of more than 75 degrees. But these are specific species. Therefore, a maximum gradient of 45 degrees for living spaces should be taken into account. Some increase this parameter is allowed only in very limited space.
Comfort
To the angle of the stairs to the second floor wascomfortable both during the ascent and descent, it is necessary to take into account not only the maximum, but also the minimum slope. If the dimensions of the room allow, you can make the slope of the plane from 40 degrees.
But even with a sufficiently large area of the room, the ladder should not be inclined less than 30 degrees. The climb will be convenient, but going down will be quite hard and even dangerous.
To avoid such trouble,make calculations before construction. Also need to pay attention to the railing. If there are more than three steps in the structure, this element of the ladder is simply necessary. Comfort increases the same amount of steps.
Settlement system
Choosing the optimal angle of the ladder,it is necessary to make a certain calculation. For this, the bearing capacity of the elements of the entire structure is taken into account. They are divided into cantilever or single-span beams. Then certain formulas are applied.
The ladder is a system that is exposeddynamic loads. Therefore, attention should be paid to the rigidity of all elements. Their deflection should not exceed 1/400 span. When calculating the load, they are added together by combining the weight of the structural elements and the temporary loads. The dwelling house demands to observe this indicator at a level of 300 kg / sq. M. m.
When carrying out the calculations, it should be taken into account thatThe doubled height of the rise of each step, summed with its width, is equal to the average human step. This indicator must be taken into account. The human step on the plane is 60-64 cm.
Carrying out of calculations
Studying the question of how to calculate the angle of inclinationstairs, it is necessary to consider the generally accepted technology. This will help you choose the slope of the plane correctly. In the process of calculating the above measure of the length of a person's step with quiet walking is applied.
Each span of steps is considered separately. The number of steps, as well as their height, are taken into account. This is a fairly simple calculation technology. The ideal height of the steps is in the range from 15 to 18 cm. Their width should be from 28 to 30 cm. It takes into account the size of the feet of people who will often climb the stairs.
Taking into account the above indicators, the calculation will be made according to the following formula:
2x + y = 580/660, where x is the height of the step, and y is its width.
The lower the step is lower, the wider it will be in a particular staircase. This is the standard.
Width
Based on the above data, you cancalculate the slope of the ladder. A simple technology is used for this. The ladder is represented as a rectangular triangle. Its height and width are katetas, and the staircase march is the hypotenuse. Initially, you need to determine the required and actual place, which will take the width of the stairs in the room.
Having determined the parameters (the depth of the step) and the number of steps, they are taken into account. The first indicator is multiplied by the second. The result is the length of the horizontal projection of the span.
The following parameter is consideredfree space in the room, which can take a ladder. If the calculated value coincides with the real value, you can move on. If the parameters do not coincide, correction is necessary.
Calculation of length and angle of inclination
Length of the staircase in the construction industrycalled a string. Counting the angle of the stairs in the house, one can use the well-known theorem of Pythagoras. After all, the ladder is nothing more than a rectangular triangle.
The katets are already known due to previous calculations. The height of the staircase is the height of the ceilings in the room. Substituting all the values into the known formula, you can get the length of the ladder march.
To calculate the angle of inclination, also requiredmathematical formulas. The sine of the angle is found by dividing the height of the object by the length of the span. Then, using the table, the result is compared and the real inclination of the ladder is determined.
If desired, you can use various programs that quickly, and most importantly, accurately calculate the result when you make the appropriate settings.
GOST rules
Defining a convenient angle of inclination of the ladder,It is necessary to take into account the requirements of GOST and SNiP. Their main provisions make it clear that in a house with more than two floors it must be one-span. The width of such structures is not less than 80 cm. If simultaneously 2 people walk through it, this figure increases to 1 m.
The number of steps of one march should be from 3 to 18 pieces. The number of steps is better done odd. It is more convenient for people to start and finish the movement with the same foot.
The angle of inclination of the plane must be at the same timein the range from 45 to 26 degrees. If this indicator is more than 50 degrees, apply objects of an adjectival type. Slope less than 5 degrees does not require steps.
A few expert tips
Having correctly determined the angle of inclination of the ladder,you need to consider a few more tips. They will help to create a design not only convenient, but also safe. Experienced builders recommend doing steps of the same height.
If the height of the ceiling is non-standard, it is allowed to lower the floor level of the upper platform slightly below the ground level of the floor. In this case, do not leave a step. Compensates lifting a small ramp.
Having become acquainted with the technology of how to choose the right angle of the ladder, you can create a comfortable and safe object for almost any room.
