Disease of the bark of the apple tree. Manifestations and treatment
What is so important care for the bark of apples? The fact is that it not only performs the protective function of the tree trunk, but also itself is exposed to adverse environmental effects. And, in addition to pest-insects or animals, the enemy can act and bacterial or fungal disease of the bark of the apple tree. In hot seasons and severe frosts in those places of trunks, where she moved away, the trees get severe burns, which inexorably slows down their growth, the flow of internal juices. This affects not only the fruiting, but also the longevity of the plant itself. The abandoned tree will inexorably quickly approach its death! But if you pay attention in time to the disease of the bark of an apple tree, do not remain indifferent and take medical measures, then the plant can be saved.
Causes diseases
1. Cytosporosis is a fungal disease of the bark of an apple tree, which begins to spread from dry necrotic branches to healthy ones. The action of this fungus is poisoning with toxins, because of which the drying process takes place. Such a disease has the appearance of an expanding wound. Most often, the disease is activated on poorly fertilized soils with a heavy structure.
2. European cancer - a fungal disease of the bark of an apple tree, is carried by spores. It has the appearance of a built-up edge that tries to cover the wound. Under the influence of this fungus, the branches of the tree dry up, the plant does not bear much fruit.
3. Black cancer is the most dangerous disease of the bark of an apple tree. It shows itself in the form of branches, as if covered with black soot. The onset of the disease is a kind of red-brown dents, which have appeared due to fungal spores. It is at this stage that the plant can still be cured. the disease progresses very quickly. Occurs in weakened trees.
4. Ordinary cancer - because of this fungal disease of the bark of apple trees, the plant can die. It is provoked by a lack of elements of a food or inoculations by dwarfish stocks. It looks like a crack-wound with a peeling bark.
5. Bacterial cancer is a defeat in the form of dents from brown to pink hues, framed by a violet band. In the early spring, the spots become blisters, which then, of course, burst and expose the cambium. All leaves are sick with brown spots. The cause of the lesion is the accumulation of bacteria in the stalk circle, their defeat of exposed sections of the trunk.
Methods of struggle and treatment
Elimination of mechanical damage. Shallow and small in width cracks are covered with garden putty, as a last resort, clay with cow dung (50x50). Large wounds are cleaned and treated with a solution of ferrous sulfate. Putty put on them, and then wrap them with rags. Damaged forks of skeletal branches are pulled together by wire over fabric, felt or something similar to soften so that it does not crash into the bark.
Treatment of black cancer. First, the sources of infection are removed: the fallen leaves are burned, where the spores survive even in winter, the leaves can also be buried in rotted compost. Tree pruning is carried out annually by the tool processed in copper sulfate. Cuts the diseased branches carefully, so as not to hurt the healthy, and then processed with copper-containing drugs.
Treatment of cytosporosa and European cancer. Using a sharp knife, the patient's site is carefully cut off and treated with a solution of copper sulfate (1%), then cover with a putty and bandage with a cloth.
Treatment of bacterial cancer. Removal of affected branches together with 10-ti see healthy areas. The tool is pretreated in a 10% formalin solution. Cut branches are burned outside the garden. Then cut the treated areas with copper sulfate and medicinal garden putty.
Preventive measures
The whitewashing of trees is diluted thick (like sour cream- 2-3 kg per 1 bucket of water) with freshly lime mortar. Producing whitewash should be in early spring and even in late February, it will serve as a good protection against sunburn.
Annual cleaning of old bark and branches. Under the tree you need to lay an old paper or rags and scrape off the trunk sticking out and easily lagging the bark with metal scrapers or brushes. You need to do this as carefully as possible. Wastes are immediately burned, because they can have various viral fungi, and everyone knows that they tend to quickly spread by any healthy tissue.
Affected by fungi and, probably, bacteriaThe stumps that remain in the garden should be uprooted and burned outside the garden. The root zones are treated once a season with 1% copper sulphate in the form of spraying in order to prevent insects or wind from entering the trunks of trees. That's all the diseases of apple trees. The bark of the trees will be in excellent condition, if you periodically inspect it.
