Frame construction: technology and design
Prefabricated houses at this timeenjoy simply great popularity among the owners of suburban areas. At a low cost, they differ in the mass of undeniable advantages. One of the advantages of such facilities is the simplicity in the erection. This is actually quite simple - frame construction. The technology of erecting houses of this type will be considered in this article.
Types of frame houses
There are only two main varieties of suchhouses. Most often they are built on the Finnish technology. This technique has been known to mankind since the Middle Ages. Finnish houses are built on a wooden frame and insulated with mineral wool. Recently, more and more popular is gaining another technology for building frame houses - Canadian. In this case, CIP panels are used.
How to draw up a project
The frame construction, the technology of whichwill be described below, like any other, begins with the drafting of the project. First of all, it will be necessary to determine the area of the house and its layout. It is also important to choose the right place for construction. To the neighboring fence from the building there should be a minimum of 3 m of free space, to the "red" line of the street - at least 5 m.
Also it will be necessary to choose the angle of inclination of the roof slope correctly. Determine it taking into account the used roofing material, as well as wind and snow loads in this particular region.
The project includes:
- the plan of the site with the location of the future house marked on it and an indication of the way of communicating;
- Front and profile projections of the building itself;
- house plan;
- sketch or 3D-model;
- a table showing all the necessary materials.
Foundation
Frame construction (technology with their own hands)or professionals), like any other, begins with the erection of a reliable foundation. Under these houses are usually installed tape or pile-foundation foundation. Pouring is made from a concrete mix (cement-sand-gravel in the proportion 1: 3: 5). The work includes the following steps:
- The markings are made using the "Egyptian Triangle" method.
- Digging a trench or pits under the pillars.
- At the bottom poured sand layer of 20-25 cm.
- The filling is padded with a layer of about 5 cm.
- Formwork is being established. For the ribbon foundation it can be made of wood, for columnar - from roofing material.
- The reinforcement frame is connected and installed. Collect it from a rod 12 mm thick.
- The trench or pits are poured with concrete. The surface of the mortar must be carefully leveled.
The reinforcing bolts are poured from above. They will be needed to fasten the lower strapping.
Beginning of the building frame assembly
The erection of walls begins with the installation of the lowerstrapping. Make it from a bar 100 x 100 or 150 x 150 mm. Then fasten on the anchor bolts. In the corners, the beams are joined by a "half-tree" method. The foundation must be checked carefully for leveling before installation. Waterproof it with two layers of ruberoid, gluing on the bituminous mastic. At the final stage, lags under the floors are fastened to the harness.
Mounting of columns
Finnish frame construction technology - onIn fact, the method is very simple. After the lower strapping is fixed, proceed, in fact, to the erection of the walls. The first to install the corner posts. They can be fixed to the foundation with galvanized steel corners. Then put the intermediate racks. After they are mounted, proceed to the installation of the upper strapping. It is also attached to galvanized corners. To the strapping will need to fix the beams overlap.
Assembling the rafters
After the skeleton of the walls is erected,begin to install the roof. Prior to the center of the beams of the ceiling, the racks are installed. Then they are connected by a ridge run. Then they cut the rafters. Connecting them in pairs, lifted to the roof and installed, fixing over the run. To the upper harness, the legs are fixed with nails or corners.
"Pie" of the walls
Frame construction (technology of erectionwalls) involves the use of only high-quality modern heaters. It can be basalt wool or styrofoam. To the skin of the frame begin after the assembly of the rafter system. First, from the inside of the building, a vapor barrier film is pulled onto the struts. Then mount the sheets of plywood or OSB. Then plates of mineral wool are installed between the racks on the outside of the gates. At the next stage, a waterproofing film is mounted over the insulation. Strengthen it also on brusochki. Further walls are lined with siding or lining.
Roof covering
Installation of the roof begins with fixing the waterproofing to the rafters. The film is fixed horizontally with a small sag. Next, fill the crate, and it mounts the roofing material itself.
Frame construction: technology from Canada
When assembling buildings using Canadian technologyThe foundation and the roof are built exactly the same way. After pouring the foundation, lags are placed on it, and already on them - CIP floor panels. Fasten them to self-tapping screws, and the gaps between them flicker.
Further on, ready-made floors fasten the strapping beam. To do this, a hole is drilled through it and the panels in the foundation. Fastening is made on the anchor bolts. The first panel is mounted from the corner of the house. It is leveled and fixed to the strapping bar with self-tapping screws (on the ledge of the OSB plate). Further on the corner - at right angles to the first - the second panel is installed. Then, in the same way, the remaining parts of the walls are collected. The ends of the panels are fixed before installation. They are connected to each other by self-tapping screws (220 mm). Above, the ends of the panels are closed with straps.
Frame-monolithic construction technology
Houses in several floors can be built andin a slightly different way. In this case, just as in the construction of buildings using Finnish technology, the frame is first assembled, and the sheathing is used as a formwork for pouring concrete or foam concrete mixture. Facing these houses is usually a ventilated facade. In this case, as a finishing finish, siding or lining is most often used.
As you can see, the Canadian technology of building frame houses, like Finnish or monolithic, is not particularly complicated. If you want to build a similar building will not be too difficult.
