What is heredity? Genetics and its types

Almost every person knows what isheredity. From a scientific point of view, heredity is the ability of an organism to transmit features of development and signs to its offspring. Each child adopts from his parents certain traits of character and features of appearance, this is the answer to the question of what heredity is. In addition, the body is able to adopt both the type of metabolism, and diseases, and makings. This is due to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - a genetic material.

Genetics

What is heredity, even many children know, but that not everyone knows that the science of heredity is genetics.

Types of Genetics

If we talk about human genetics, then divide it into the following types:

1. Population. Engaged in the study of genetic processes in groups of people that occur under certain marriages, under the influence of mutation, selection, isolation or population migration. She also studies the pattern of the formation of the human genotype.
2. Biochemical. Engaged in the study of specific, genetically controlled biochemical syntheses, while using the most modern methods of biochemistry (electrophoresis, analysis, chromatography, etc.).
3. Cytogenetics. He is studying the material carriers of heredity, that is, he studies chromosomes, their functions and structure.
4. Immunogenetics. It is distinguished by the establishment of many immunological signs. Basically, these are antigens of leukocytes and red blood cells, protein groups of blood serum.

Types of heredity

To date, the following types of heredity are distinguished:

1. Nuclear. It is associated with the transmission of traits (hereditary), which are found in the chromosomes of the nucleus. Its second name is chromosomal.

Criteria for types of nuclear heredity:

• autosomal recessive inheritancerarely (not in every generation). If there is this sign, both parents can not avoid it. It can also be found in the children of those parents who do not have such signs;
• autosomal dominant occurs in every generation. At presence of an attribute at least at one of parents the child too will have it;
• holland (linked to Y - chromosome) is only a masculine sign and is often found. It is sent by the male line;
• Recessive with X - chromosome is rare. Women can only be if the father has this attribute;
• dominant with the X - chromosome is found in women 2 times more often.

2. Cytoplasmic. It is revealed by comparing the results of various reciprocal crosses.

Heredity and environment

In the same situation, people will behavedifferently. This fact is attributed to heredity. But although it plays an important role in human life and development, the environment is also of great importance. The final formation of personality depends on the psychological and physical education of a person. Heredity and the environment are always connected. The more favorable the environment, the more chances to raise a decent person from the child, even if the genetic heredity leaves much to be desired. Now, having received the answer to the question: "What is heredity?", You can raise a beautiful person.