Tips on how to grow grapes in Siberia
Prepare a place for new settlers from autumn
If there was a dream to grow a vine on yourstart with a theoretical preparation for a new occupation. First you need to know in detail how to grow grapes in Siberia. Prepare to receive a new culture from the fall. You should choose a place in the garden (the sunniest and the most ventilated, the dry one) and prepare the site for planting: dig a 70 cm deep and 70 cm deep trench, at the bottom of which you must sketch a broken brick (for drainage), pour a layer 10 cm thick from the large sand, fill the trench with a nutrient soil mixture from peat, sand, decomposed humus and sod land with the addition of a full fertilizer with microelements. Well pour water - moist soil will freeze less. Cover the trench with straw, boards, cover with a film so that the soil does not freeze deep and quickly warm up in the spring. Grapes should be planted immediately to a permanent place, as it very quickly develops roots and a large number of small roots along the periphery. The transplantation of a seedling that has moved to growth is not always successful, requiring considerable effort and caution.
Those who know how to grow grapes in Siberia,advised to start with the early varieties, which in the short Siberian summer will be able to ripen bunches and mature properly as a vine, which is necessary for wintering in a harsh climate. Know that the seedlings, grown from grape seed, do not repeat the varietal qualities. To care and work was rewarded, do not acquire seedlings from unknown people. The best are annuals and biennials, obtained from cuttings, or seedlings-layers, wintering in cool rooms. Obsolete varieties are unstable to diseases, the taste qualities of the harvest of small berries in small clusters are low. These are such varieties as "Motherland", "Alpha", "Pearl Saba", "Jubilee of Novgorod", "Seianets Solovyov", "Madeleine Anzhevin".
How to start growing grapes in Siberia?
After the acquisition of the seedling in early spring, immediatelytransplant it into a more spacious container, filled with garden land with sand. At the bottom of the pot, holes for excess water drainage and drainage layer are required. Put a pot of seedlings on the most illuminated windowsill, but not close to the glass. Stick a high peg and tie a plant to it with a tag where there is a variety name. Water only the dried up soil with standing warm water. Gradually temper the plant, accustom to fresh air and ultraviolet. As soon as the warm weather is established, frosts pass, plant grapes with a clod of earth on roots in the trench prepared since autumn. Set the trellis and tie the growing young vine to it.
"Kishmish Radiant" - large-bodied muscat, the bestfrom seedless varieties. Srednosrosly, rannesredny (ripening period 130 days). Berries size 22x18 mm, bunch weight up to 1 kg. High sugar content (about 21%) with low acidity. "Rusbol" - vigorous, with early maturation (from 115 to 125 days), yielding, resistant to diseases, frost-resistant (up to -25 degrees). Bunches up to 1 kg, seedless white oval berries 18x16 mm, pleasant sweet taste. "Olga" ("Beauty of the North") - a large bunch with large pinkish-white berries, in which there is a lot of folic acid. The disease is stable. "Rusven" is a very good and early variety, with good ripening of shoots. A large berry, green-pink, with a bright muscat taste. "Golben Nou" - early-ripening, large-bodied, with amber-white berries of muscat aroma. Vine has time to mature for the summer. Variety to diseases is stable. "Tukay" - early maturity of white with a golden tan of berries with a magnificent muscat taste, a very fruitful variety. "Karmakod" - large elongated-oval berries (red-blue), the taste is pleasant. Fructifies in the second or third year.
Shelter for winter
On the advice of experienced gardeners who know how togrow grapes in Siberia, a beginner grapher does not need in the first 2 years to do summer pruning green shoots. First, let the seedling grow freely, adapt to the climate, and grow roots. Flower ovaries, cut off, not sparing. In autumn, before frost, the bushes of grapes are harvested for winter without cutting, so that they are better preserved. Shoots are distributed on different sides of the trench and pinned, top cover with a box 25 cm high, then cover a layer of dry straw, tighten with a film (or roofing paper) - so they prepare the vine for winter. Throw snow on the shelter.
Without proper pruning, do not get goodharvest of grapes. But it is difficult to talk about the existing formations of a bush in one article. Here is one way - an inclined one-sided cordon. In the first year, one powerful shoot is growing. The next spring it should be cut off by the length of the distance between the bushes and tied obliquely to the bottom wire of the trellis. After bud blossoming, remove all shoots at a height of 20-30 cm from the base of the bush, leaving well developed shoots above each 20-30 cm. In the spring of the third year, cut off all shoots to 2-3 eyes. On the fourth year on these horns fruit elements will form.
