The history of KamAZ: interesting facts
KAMAZ trucks are realowners of roads throughout the former Soviet Union. With their help, a huge and powerful country was built and developed. These trucks are familiar to everyone - both children and adults know about them. And probably every child would dream of driving this truck. The history of KamAZ is the history of a huge country. And now let's try to tell her.
Master of the road
As it was already noted, KamAZ trucks became a real symbol of almost all domestic and foreign roads.
The Soviet Union needed modern trucks
The story of "KamAZ" began with constructionfactory. In the sixties of the last century, the USSR began to actively develop - all branches of industry took the path of development. The economy grew, the construction of apartment houses for all citizens of the USSR grew rapidly. Along with this, the volumes of cargo transportation increased. After the war, cars were created, but it was done very slowly, and the existing park was not enough. The factories tried very hard, but could not cover the deficit. And so, the top management in 1969 decides on the need to build a new car factory, which would be created only trucks. This is the beginning of the fascinating history of KamAZ.
How the giant was born
Thus, on March 14 the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSRit was decided to work on the construction of a complex of plants, wherever large-capacity cars were produced. The site for construction was found in Naberezhnye Chelny, which is in the Tatar ASSR. By the way, this city was not chosen by chance. Before choosing this small town on Kama, experts have studied more than 70 different options for plant location. The advantages of Naberezhnye Chelny were simply obvious - the fact is that geographically the town was practically in the very center of a huge USSR. Also in this region, one of the largest construction companies, KamGESenergostroy, worked - all this made it possible to quickly build a dam and a hydroelectric power plant with a capacity of more than 1.5 million kW / h. Quickly built factory buildings and houses for future workers of the plant, from which the history of KamAZ will begin.
The construction began
The construction work was attended by specialists andworkers of different specialties from each corner of the USSR, representing 70 nationalities. More than 2,000 different enterprises, all the main committees of the State Council of the Soviet Union, various departments and ministries carried out orders for the construction of the plant for materials and necessary equipment. Every day more than 100,000 people worked on the construction site. The future plant was provided at that time with the most advanced and technological equipment not only domestic, but also foreign production. Deliveries were made by such world corporations as Svindell-Dresler, Tata, Reno, Sandvik, Hitachi and many others. The plant was erected and was born literally on bare ground - among hilly fields.
Infrastructure development
Together with the construction of the complex in the USSRengaged in solving domestic and communal problems. Thanks to KamAZ, hundreds of thousands of people were able to leave the barracks and rooms in communal apartments where they had to live. The factory gave all these people comfortable apartments, modern schools and kindergartens, universities and other educational institutions. Began to appear cultural, sports, leisure facilities, medical facilities and much more. It was thanks to the plant in Prikamye that a powerful scientific center was created and a suburban agricultural zone was developed.
Birth of a legend
In the mid-1960s, the number ofthe number of paved roads - this allowed designers and engineers to uncover all the advantages that a truck with a cab above the engine offers. Bumper cars existed since the 50's - it allowed to use the length of the car more efficiently, the review improved. But the economy of the USSR required not just a truck, but an economical and productive one, which could work as part of road trains on roads with small axial loads. Also, the car must withstand operation in all climatic zones.
Minavtoprom specialists carried out research anddecided that the car should work with loads weighing up to 8 tons. Also it should be prepared for towing, have three axles, and have a cabin with a diesel power unit located under it. For every ton of weight, there were at least 8 horsepower. In the year 68, the ZIL plant was to develop a whole range of heavy-duty diesel cars and tractors and prepare them for production at some new car factory. In 69, an order was issued to create new engines with a capacity of 200 liters. from. Designers started development immediately after they finished with ZIL-133. Various samples with a hood and a bonnet layout were bought abroad. Most Soviet engineers were pleased to taste the International 220. A carless layout, a comfortable cabin, a powerful diesel power unit, a pneumohydraulic amplifier, a five-speed gearbox with a divider, a modern brake system, an inter-axle differential lock is the story of the KamAZ car.
ZIL-170 - ancestor of the modern "KamAZ"
In May 69, the first test sample appears,the ancestor of today's "KamAZ" - ZIL-170. The tests were successful, and then a resolution was issued on the construction of a huge plant. While the production complex was under construction, ZIL's design bureau was also boiling with work - new modern trucks were being developed. For several years, managed to create about 50 different prototypes and their modifications. During the tests, many shortcomings and problems were identified.
The first engine
In May 1974, the first engine was assembled in the experimental workshop. The pipeline was managed independently, but the technology was temporary. These motors were installed on the first 5320.
First-born
The history of the creation of the KamAZ car is a victory and defeat, a lot of calculations, drawings and tests. And so, on February 16, 1976, the first truck - KamAZ 5320 - came off the conveyors of the plant.
Authors
Who created KamAZ? History remembers the engineers from ZIL. They are Alexander Setranov, Vsevolod Vyazmin, Georgy Fest. Also, the active participation in the development took the designer Lev Samokhin. Naturally, this is not the whole list of those who took part in the birth of the first heavy-duty car. The most important designer of the plant is Vladimir Barun.
History of KamAZ development
Already in the year 79 the plant became a real leader among world manufacturers of trucks.
KAMAZ: history of models
In the 76-78-ies at the plant produced three basicThe model is a 5320 truck with a load capacity of 8 tons, a modification on its basis of a construction dump truck 5511 with a carrying capacity of 10 tons, a semitrailer tractor 5410, its carrying capacity was 20 tons.
The second generation of KamAZ
The history of the creation of "KamAZ" such begins inlate 80-ies. The second generation was completed with new domestic power units with a turbo-supercharging. But also imported engines and components were installed. Substantially reworked cabins - they have become more comfortable. To do this, just lifted the roof and applied some structural improvements. August 23, 1990, the KamAZ plant became a joint-stock company, and in 1991 a two-axle 5425MA truck tractor with an American engine Cummins for 325 liters came off the assembly line. from. and the Finnish cabin from Sisu.
A crisis
The history of the KamAZ automobile plant consists of victories and defeats.
Our days
Today the crisis is over, and the production of the plant is again in demand.
