The concept of moles. Why are birthmarks traumatized and itchy?

Many people, damaging the birthmark, think, do notwhether the injury will cause harm to their health. At someone such question on own health arises, when at them the birthmarks are scratched. In any case, in the presence of injured moles there is every reason for concern.

Under the "mole" the inhabitants mean several different in origin concepts. There are the following types of moles:

- a nevus. Its origin is associated with a hereditary-conditioned skin defect that promotes the formation of benign tumors in the course of vital activity, with the accumulation of the melanin pigment responsible for their dark brown coloration. Especially rapidly the number of nevi increases during the period of hormonal bursts, during puberty and during pregnancy. Normally, the nevuses are not itchy, itching in moles appears only in the course of degeneration into oncology;

- angioma is the formation of vascularorigin, which develops due to a defect in the walls of vessels of small caliber: capillaries, arterioles and veins. In view of its origin, the tumor wears a dark cherry, sometimes a bluish hue, a color. Angioma can look like small oval elevations on the skin or occupy vast areas of the skin surface in the form of a birthmark;

- papillomas, called in the people "warts"are a type of viral infection transmitted by contact. Most papilloviruses affect the palms, feet, knees and are associated with the immunodeficient state of the body. There are formations not immediately after infection, but after a certain time, i.e. The incubation period lasts from one to six months. Usually, such formations have a color that is close to the skin color, sometimes they are painted pink. As a rule, angiomas and papillomas are not itchy, birthmarks of such a plan usually do not bother their owners.

Often, owners of numerous moles are askedphysicians questions: "What will happen to me if I ripped off or combed my birthmark? How do I know which type of birthmark I hurt? ". How to distinguish, what kind of this cutaneous formation was damaged?

The nevuses are slightly painful when damaged,there may be a slight discharge of blood, as with any other skin trauma. During injuries to angiomas, bleeding can be very severe (compared to the wound of the nevus), which has not been stopped for a long time in the usual way. Damage to the papilloma is accompanied by severe pain, and also leads to the spread of the viral infection to the contaminated areas of the skin that has not yet affected the pathological process.

Why are the moles scratched? What are the consequences of their injuries?

If the nevus is frequently traumatized, the risk is very highhis degeneration into a malignant tumor of the skin - melanoma. This type of cancer is characterized by aggressive course, rapid development of metastases and high mortality. What happens when a nevi injury? Rapid growth of it after some time after trauma, appearance of ulcers in its place, asymmetry of the birthmark, change in its pattern and color. Alas, melanoma patients often scratch their moles. Angiomas and papillomas usually do not become malignant.

Principles of treatment of injured moles

Whatever origin the birthmark is, with itsdamage should be, without delaying, contact a specialist. The doctor must take a tissue sample and send it for histological examination. If the sample cells are questionable, then an oncologist may need to consult.

Extremely cautious approach should be taken to eliminatenevi. Absolute indications of their removal include their location on the face and in places of frequent trauma (on the chin of boys, on the breasts of girls, at the waist and in the perineum). It is better to remove nevuses before puberty or already in adulthood, when the hormonal background is more or less stable. Usually a similar procedure is carried out in the autumn-winter period, when insolation is less pronounced, because Ultraviolet irradiation plays an important role in the formation of melanin pigment. As a rule, less traumatic methods are chosen. However, if there are reasons to assume melanoma, then there can be no talk of sparing methods. It is necessary to radically excise the pathological sites with the help of surgical intervention with further courses of radiation and chemotherapy.

In other cases, all nevi, papillomas andAngiomas are removed by cryodistruction with liquid nitrogen, electrocoagulation or laser treatment. One of the new techniques is radiosurgery, which allows you to remove the tumor without damaging the healthy tissues.