Excretory urography is one of the most informative methods of diagnosing kidney disease

Diagnosis of diseases of the urinary system is often impossible without laboratory and instrumental studies.

X-ray studies are the mostwidespread instrumental research in urology. Conducting them technically simple, they are safe and highly informative in most diseases of the urinary tract. Despite the use of more modern research methods in medicine, such as ultrasound examination of internal organs, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray studies have not lost their relevance to the present day.

These methods help determine the presence of stones, a change in the structure of the kidneys, organic changes in the structure of the urinary system.

Types of X-ray studies of the kidneys

There are the following types of X-ray studies of the urinary system:

1. X-ray examination without contrast agents.
2. Excretory urography with introduction of X-ray contrast substance intravenously.
3. Retrograde pyelography, in whichX-ray contrast preparation is introduced by catheterization with the help of a cystoscope first into the bladder, then ascending to the ureters and renal pelvis.

Excretory urography is the most informative and frequently used method of X-rays of kidney research.

Preparing for urography

If an x-ray examination is prescribedkidneys, including excretory urography, preparation for its carrying out should be carried out according to all recommendations of the doctor. The purpose of the preparation is to release the intestine from food debris, gases that interfere with the research. For this, the patient is recommended to adhere to a special diet for three days before the procedure, excluding the use of products that cause the formation of gases in the intestine. If the preparation is not carefully prepared, the results of the study will be incorrect, which will require repeated urography or other methods of examination.

Three days before the study from the dietproducts that cause gassing in the intestine (milk, rye bread, legumes, cabbage, potatoes, sweets) should be excluded. The patient should take food that contains little slag and table salt, is easily digested and does not irritate the intestinal mucosa.

To reduce the formation of gases in the intestine for 3 days before the test, the patient should take activated charcoal, carboline or chamomile broth.

If excretory urography is prescribed, preparationit includes mandatory sampling for individual sensitivity to the contrast drug. The test for sensitivity is performed by a nurse. To do this, 1 ml of contrast medium is administered intravenously slowly. When itching, burning, mucous discharge from the nose, red eyes, sneezing and coughing, swelling, redness at the injection site, fever, tachycardia and general weakness, excretory urography is canceled.

On the eve of the survey a light dinner is shown, hemust be held no later than 19 hours. At 20 o'clock, it is necessary to clean the intestines with a cleansing enema, which must be done twice with a break of 30-40 minutes.

In the morning two hours before the examination is donerepeated cleansing enema. The examination is performed on an empty stomach, before this patient is offered to release the bladder. If excretory urography is performed, the patient is injected intravenously with a contrast agent.

In this article, we answered the question, what is urography, what is it intended for, and what training is required to conduct this study.