X-ray picture: description of the procedure, transcript and recommendations

Radiography is one of the waysresearch, the basis of it - the production of a fixed image through X-rays. The result is usually obtained on an X-ray film or taken out (if digital devices were used) on a monitor screen or paper. The study is based on the passage of X-rays through the tissues of the body. Usually X-ray is used as a diagnostic method. To obtain more accurate results, an x-ray photograph is used in two projections.

Chest X-ray

Radiography of WGCs (chest organs) -the most common method of examination, which allows to identify pathology from the respiratory, as well as cardiovascular systems, ribs, thoracic spine, arising from various injuries and diseases.

How do X-rays work? Passing through the body and organs, they are absorbed in different ways. The result is an X-ray photograph. Fabrics of a more dense structure look white on it, those that are softer are dark. After the manifestation and drying, the radiologist assesses the resulting picture. An X-ray photograph of the lungs will show all the pathologies, if any, will indicate possible diseases.

Modern digital devices simplify the procedure, while the dose of radiation is significantly reduced. There is also mobile equipment, which allows you to examine bedridden patients.

X-ray capabilities and interpretation of the result

Chest X-ray helps detect the following pathologies in the body:

Respiratory system: bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, pleurisy, tuberculosis, cancer, atelectasis of the lungs, pneumonia. X-rays are decoded by a doctor and immediately sees a possible disease.
Cardiovascular system: myocarditis, pericarditis, changes in the heart in size.
Mediastinum: displacement of structures, mediastinitis.
Musculoskeletal skeleton of the chest: fractures of the sternum or ribs, vertebrae, hemothorax, pneumothorax, wounds of the mediastinum, heart.

Also radiography is used fortracing the dynamics of recovery in the treatment of pneumonia. However, X-rays can not be called a universal diagnostic method. For example, the nature of the tumor can not be assessed by X-rays, and this study is also limited to immobile patients. For such exceptional cases, computed tomography is used.

When decoding the result of an X-ray photograph of WGCsthe doctor assesses the size and shape of the mediastinum, the structure of the chest and soft tissues, the transparency of the pulmonary field, the intensity of the pattern, the position and structure of the roots of the lungs, the shape of pleural sinuses and diaphragm domes.

Preparation and conduct of the procedure

For the procedure of radiography of WGCsrequires special training. The doctor recommends only removing clothing and jewelry from the area that will be irradiated. Also, you need to remove all items that may interfere with the study (glasses, dentures). If there is a need for the presence of a relative of the patient, a protective lead apron is put on it.

Having removed clothes, the patient is located oppositephotographic plates. The doctor leaves the room to the console, he needs to lift his shoulders, squeeze against the plate and hold his breath for a while. It is impossible to move with this. If the patient does not have the opportunity to take a vertical position, it is placed on the table. In this case, relatives or a nurse help him.

The examination is painless, does not cause anyunpleasant sensations. The only discomfort is the cool temperature in the room. The X-ray image will be ready within 15 minutes. You will be given it right away along with the description. Based on this, the doctor will diagnose or send for further examination.

X-ray pictures of teeth

Radiography was widelydistribution in dentistry. The snapshot not only makes it possible to track pathologies, but also reveals deviations in the structure of the jaws. X-ray diagnosis is important in choosing the optimal treatment options.

There are several types of x-rays in dentistry:

Panoramic. This photo allows the doctor to evaluate alla panorama of an arrangement of a teeth, to define their quantity, to see not cut teeth, rudiments. The anatomical structure of the jaw and nasal sinuses is also seen. Panoramic snapshot is important for implantation of teeth, correction of bite, removal of wisdom teeth.
Biting. Otherwise, such a picture is called interproximalradiography. A common type of snapshot. Apply it to identify periodontitis, caries. Sometimes a bite is taken after setting the crown to check the correctness of the procedure.
Aimed. With the help of a snapshot you can accurately see what a sick tooth looks like, establish the correct treatment regimen. Sight shot allows you to see no more than four teeth.
Digital. Safe modern diagnostics. 3D-X-ray provides an opportunity to get a clear picture of the entire tooth set and individual teeth. A three-dimensional image is displayed on the screen, after studying it, the doctor determines the methods of treatment.

Procedure for taking a picture

X-ray images of teeth are performed on the recommendation of the dentist: in cases of caries detection, with incorrect bite, diseases of peri-toothed tissues, pulpitis, cyst, jaw injuries, abscesses.

Before the study, it is recommended that the patientfrom itself all metal products, decorations: they can distort the data of pictures. The procedure depends on the type of picture. Takes a few minutes to study. Irradiation has a minimal dose. The session takes place in a special room. The patient bites the photosensitive film, it should be between the apparatus and the tooth being examined.

In a study using a computerradiovisiograph on the patient wear a special apron, the sensor is mounted on the area under investigation and attached to the apparatus. The result is displayed on the computer.

When using an orthopantomograph, an X-rayis performed as follows: the patient becomes attached to the apparatus, the chin is fixed to the support. The block is clamped with teeth, which prevents jaws from closing. The patient should stand still. The device rotates around the head several times. Pictures can be received on the same day.

Explanation of the snapshot

Based on the x-ray image of the teeth, the doctor writes a conclusion, which indicates the number of teeth, the size and their location. All detected pathologies also appear in the conclusion.

The picture shows the location of each tooth,slope, condition of bones. Darkening in the picture indicates the presence of pulpitis, denticles. Defects of tooth enamel mean caries. Where density is reduced, enlightenment is noticeable. If caries is complex, the structure of the tooth is deformed, granulomas are formed.

A cyst can be detected - a clear contourhomogeneous structure of oblong form. The cyst is located at the root of the tooth, it can be small and large. Large cysts can affect two teeth at once. Chronic periodontitis is seen as a sharp darkening in the image near the top of the root. With periodontal disease, a diminished bone marrow area is visible, atrophic processes and sclerotic changes are seen.

Roentgen of the spine

When does the doctor recommend X-rays of the spine?

With pain in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar region.
With muscular lumbar pains of an unclear nature.
With limited limb mobility.
With injuries, falls and bruises.
With suspicions of degenerative changes in the bones.
When diagnosing curvature, osteochondrosis, scoliosis.

It is recommended to perform X-ray images intwo projections: a lateral and a straight line. X-ray images are recorded by a radiologist, he assesses the contours of the vertebrae, the intervals between them, the intensity of the color, the presence of growths. After this, an experienced specialist is able to immediately diagnose, determine the probable prognosis and the need for surgical treatment.

How is the procedure performed

To photograph the upper spine, no special preparation is required. If examining the lumbosacral department, it is recommended to prepare in advance:

It is necessary to completely clear the intestine, otherwise the diagnosis will be difficult to put correctly.
Exclude from the diet two days before the procedure products that promote fermentation: bread, milk, legumes, coarse fiber.
On the eve it is necessary to exclude dinner, before the procedure - breakfast.
Refuse alcohol and smoking.
Before the procedure, cleanse the intestines with an enema.
At the time of shooting, there should be no metal objects on the body.
Stay still.

The examination for the patient is absolutely painless. It is carried out for 10-15 minutes. Pictures with descriptions are immediately given out on hands.