Asphyxia of newborns.
Asphyxia of newborns is pathologicalthe state of the newborn, which is caused by a violation in breathing and, as a consequence, the occurrence of oxygen deficiency. Asphyxia of newborns can be of two types: primary (at birth) and secondary (at the very beginning of life).
Primary asphyxia of fetus and newbornarises because of acute, chronic intrauterine oxygen deficiency. It is also caused by various extragenital diseases of the pregnant woman (severe lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, severe anemia, infectious diseases, thyrotoxicosis and others), pregnancy retention, late toxicosis, umbilical cord pathology, premature placental abruption, various complications during labor ( untimely activity of amniotic fluid, incompatibility of the size of the pelvis with the fetal head, incorrect position of the fetal head and other anomalies of the generic ity). The cause of secondary asphyxia of the newborn can be a violation in the cerebral circulation of the fetus, pneumopathy, etc.
Disturbance of breathing is an alarming call andan occasion to reflect on, whether there was a asphyxia of newborns. The consequences can be very sad - a change in cardiac activity and hemodynamics is possible. In medical work, three types of asphyxia are accepted: mild, moderate and severe.
With light asphyxiation, the child at the first minutemake the first breath, but his breath is very weakened, there is a decrease in muscle tone. The average degree of asphyxia is distinguishable by the fact that when it appears, the child also, as in the previous case, makes the first breath in the first minute, his muscles are also very relaxed, the skin is blue, mostly in the area of the hands and head, the breathing is weak, the cries are not differ in vigor, as a rule, there is bradycardia or tachycardia, the cord strongly pulsates.
In severe cases, the child does very wellweak or rare breaths or they are completely absent, the child does not make cries, sometimes moaning, the heartbeat is very slow, sometimes replaced by unstable contractions of the heart, there are no reflexes, muscle atony or hypotension is present. Because of spasm of peripheral vessels, the skin is very pale, the umbilical cord does not produce pulsation, in some cases adrenal insufficiency develops.
Asphyxia of newborns causes suchconsequences, such as the development in the first hours of life of posthypoxic syndrome, the main manifestation of which is the defeat of the central nervous system as a whole. In this case, there are serious consequences. Every third child, who has asphyxia in moderate severity, has abnormalities in the work of cerebral circulation of 1 and 2 complications. And in all children with grade 3 asphyxia there is a violation of liquorodynamics and cerebral circulation of the second and third degree.
Asphyxia of newborns requires resuscitationinterference. The effectiveness of treatment depends on how quickly the necessary measures have been taken. Activities related to resuscitation are carried out in a special room - the delivery room, equipped with all the necessary devices for life support: heart rate, respiratory rate and its patency, parameters of blood pressure, acid-base state and hematocrit.
Prevention of asphyxia is to usea number of rules that a pregnant woman should follow. This is primarily timely examination for complications, as well as normal nutrition, rejection of bad habits and proper rest, and the absence of overstresses and stress. Remember, health is much more expensive.
