Hypertrophy of the myocardium - a dangerous syndrome
Hypertrophy of the heart should be viewed not asdisease, but as a syndrome, which sometimes leads to serious consequences. Hypertrophy of the myocardium is accompanied by an increase in the heart due to an increase in specialized cardiac cells - cardiomyocytes, which constitute 25% of all the heart cells. The connective tissue of the heart can also increase, which indicates additional cardiovascular diseases. Nonpathological hypertrophy of the myocardium is observed in people, leading a very lively life, and in athletes. The increase in size is due to the fact that the organs need more oxygen for their functioning, which is supplied to the tissues by the circulatory system. Since the blood in the large circle of the circulation is ejected with the participation of the left ventricle, in this case the dimensions of the lower parts of the heart increase.
Hypertrophy of the myocardium is characterized by its peculiarities depending on the parts of the heart.
Hypertrophy of the left atrium
The oxygen-enriched blood from the lungs enters the left atrium, then it is sent to the left ventricle, and from there it spreads through the body.
The causes of this kind of hypertrophy are very commonthere are genetic defects and, consequently, it is inherited. An important cause of this pathology is obesity and high blood pressure.
Obesity is a basic prerequisite forthe left atrium increased in the young. The latest data suggest that obesity is growing in children at an alarming rate, which predisposes them to such a cardiac pathology.
For the circulation of blood from the atrium into the ventriclemeets the mitral valve. It regulates the amount of blood flow between these chambers of the heart. To open the mitral valve, the left atrium should be filled with blood in a certain amount, and it closes after the transfer of blood to the left ventricle. This system is broken due to stenosis and insufficiency of the mitral valve. This phenomenon leads to inflammatory changes in the left atrium. Stenosis of the mitral valve is called narrowing of the orifice, which connects two parts of the heart. In this case, the left atrium exerts more effort to pump the required volume of blood, hypertrophy.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by a thickening of the ventricles and is a hereditary disease.
The enlargement of the left atrium can occur with stenosis of the aortic valve, which is responsible for the volume of blood leaving the heart.
The burden on the heart rises with high blood pressure, which is influenced by various factors. Therefore, people with such a disease are more prone to hypertrophy of the heart muscle.
Any infections or diseases of the respiratory system that affect the functional properties of the lung can also cause hypertrophy of the left atrium, making it difficult to work.
With stress, pressure increases, which affects the heart badly and contributes to its hypertrophy.
Hypertrophy of the left atrium: symptoms
Most often these symptoms manifest themselves depending on the severity of the disease:
- chest pain;
- fatigue;
- labored breathing;
- impaired heartbeat.
People with this pathology experience difficulties in performing physical exercises, and with overexertion there may be shortness of breath and weakness.
Hypertrophy of the right atrium: causes
Hypertrophy of the myocardium can manifest itself in the rightatrium. Blood from tissues and organs that absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide enters the right atrium and into the right ventricle, and then into the lungs to enrich with oxygen.
The cause of hypertrophy of the right atrium are lung diseases, which cause an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, which leads to hypertrophy.
This can also be the case with stenosis of the tricuspid valve and its insufficiency.
Violation of the blood flow in the pulmonary artery and congenital heart diseases complicate its work, resulting in hypertrophy of the myocardium.
