The famous Russian prison - "Matrosskaya Tishina"
Peter I on the right bank of the Yauza River settledsailor 's village. This fact also gave the name of the street, which lies parallel to the river. And since Catherine II lived there, old sailors, the house began to be called sailor's. The inhabitants of the city tried to protect the peace of the elderly citizens and passed quietly past the almshouse. So the name of the street was added one more word. And now it began to be called Sailor's Silence. Later there was a prison known as the "Sailor's Silence".
Excursion to the history
The prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" has its history with1775 year. Then, under the decree of Catherine II on the spot where the remand prison is today, under the protectorate of the Society of Disgrace, a house was opened for the "preresive" ones. As usual in Russian prisons, later, in 1850, in this building was consecrated the Orthodox Church "All the Afflicted", and in the twentieth century there also appeared the bell tower.
House for "prereszostnyh" in its originalstate existed relatively briefly. By 1870, it was renamed the Moscow Correctional Prison. The new institution was designed for 150 women and 300 men. The purpose of the prison was declared: "to give a well-known trade in the hands of this rabble." Waste, in turn, was considered to be prisoners - petty criminals, thieves, scammers.
Gradually, the area of the penitentiary institution expanded. In 1912, the architect BA Alberti was designed and built new prison buildings. And by 1917 the institution was ruined.
In 1918 the prison again suffered a kind ofreformation. In the institution, on the basis of the already existing correctional institution, the Reformatory was established by the Central Punitive Department of the NKJU. He was a kind of corrective institution with a medical and pedagogical bias. Engaged in it, training, re-education and preparation for workdays of young people aged 17 to 21 years. However, the Reformatory functioned for a short time. In 11 months, in 1919, he ceased to exist.
As evidenced by the historical data, historyThe prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" itself began from the end of 1946. On the site of the present detention center was the Kozhevnichesky colony. Since 1945, the children's colony began to be transformed, on its basis, Prison No. 14 was founded under the Moscow Region Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Reconstruction
As of 1947, on the territory ofthere were two regime objects, the first and second buildings, respectively. The prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" could simultaneously accept more than 2000 prisoners. In addition, on the territory of the establishment there were also farm buildings:
- The boiler house, which continues to function today;
- Wood-built barrack-type residential buildings designed for employees;
- corps of administration;
- barracks for staff.
For walks prisoners were equippedSpecial sites in the territory of the marina. The courtyard was a kind of circle, surrounded by a wooden fence around the perimeter. Security on the towers and outside was carried out by servicemen of the internal troops of Moscow from the Bogorodskaya division.
A little later, in 1949, was built the thirdhousing for prisoners. He had the status of a special prison and had his own entrance (from the side of the psychiatric hospital No. 3), as well as his superiors and a separate guard. Predictably, the waiting tribunals, Nazi criminals and convicts working in the Special Technical Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (inventors, designers, engineers) served their sentence. In the people such prisons were called "sharashkinymi offices." In detail, life in one of these "sharashka" talentedly described in his book "In the First Circle" Alexander Isaakievich Solzhenitsyn.
Since the beginning of 1950, for two years,the administrative buildings of the prison were converted. The first and second regime objects were supplemented with the 4th and 5th floors and walking courtyards. Until now, convicts have been walking in the territory of these yards, located on the roofs of buildings.
During the early 50-ies of the last centuryadministrative decisions designed to divide such establishments into city and regional ones necessitated the expansion of Prison No. 14. In connection with this, it was renamed Prison No. 1, better known among the people as the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina".
After Beria's death, L.P., since 1953 in Corps No. 3, juvenile delinquents have served their sentence. The penitentiary service was engaged in the training of adolescents (convicts had the opportunity to get secondary education), employment - under-age prisoners, working in workshops in prison, made envelopes, Christmas toys and other consumer goods. Earned money could be spent on their own needs, buying in the stall available goods. The children's prison lasted until 1997. After it was decided to carry out the reconstruction and repair of the third building. And since 1999 he became a tuberculosis department at the prison hospital.
The very same hospital for prisoners wasrepaired and reconstructed buildings of the former housing stock of prison staff. The institution serves not only the "Matrosskaya Tishina", but also all the investigative isolators of the city of Moscow. The hospital has about 706 hospital beds (beds).
The last decades on the territory of "Matrosskaya Tishina" are constantly conducted various construction and repair work:
- in 1997, put into operation a food unit (equipped with modern equipment);
- in 1987 - CTP;
- in the early 90's the third building was repaired;
- in the middle of the 2000s, the first building of the prison was renovated
- in accordance with sanitary standards, there are cameras for convicts and persons under investigation;
- courtyards for walks are covered with a roof;
- Today, the second building of the prison is being overhauled.
According to the management of the penitentiary service, the necessary work is constantly being done to maintain the buildings of the institution in proper condition. Today the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" has 7 buildings.
Detention Unit 1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Officially, the date of establishment of SIZO No. 1 is 1September 1985. Based on the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the investigative isolation ward No. 1 was established on the basis of the seventh regime prison building. The people have long since known this institution as "Sailor's Silence". Address: Moscow, Matrosskaya Tishina street, house 18. Located in the Eastern administrative district of the capital. The total area of the institution is 41,438 square meters. m.
Initially, the prison limit, which couldkeep SIZO, did not exceed 200 people. The SIZO was intended to isolate for the period of carrying out investigative actions and judicial proceedings of persons for whom it was necessary to take strict measures of supervision.
But, unfortunately, in fact the norms are not met. According to official data, SIZO No. 1 is designed for 2013 people, but the actual content exceeds this figure by 21.3% and is 2,441 people.
For today, having passed a chain of renames for allyears of its existence, the establishment of the penitentiary service was renamed the Federal Public Institution "Investigative Isolator No. 1 of the FSIN of Russia" (abbreviated name PKU SIZO-1 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia).
In addition to SIZO 1, Moscow has seven additional detention facilities. Among them, no less famous "Butyrka" and "Lefortovo".
Famous prisoners
It is not surprising that the location of one of thethe most famous prisons in Russia was Moscow. "Matrosskaya Tishina" is a strict regime object. For the entire period of its functioning, it is officially known only about three cases of a successful escape:
- June 5, 1995 - a member of one of the criminal groups AV Solonika;
- May 2, 2004 - the escape of citizen S. Ershov, who was detained for 24 hours;
- On May 7, 2013, colluding with a prison officer, the thief and murderer O. Topalov fled, he was also later detained.
List of known prisoners who happenedto serve time in "Matrosskaya Tishina", is large enough. Among them are Soviet politicians Yanaev GI and Yazov DT, businessmen Lebedev PL and Khodorkovsky MB, Mavrodi SP and many others.
Modernity
Today the prison "Matrosskaya Tishina" is conditionallyis open to representatives of the media and various public organizations. Periodically, there are some sort of excursions, designed to show the way of life and conditions of detention.
Naturally, during such eventsvisitors are shown the best cameras, places of rest and so on. In contrast to this, periodically in the media there are reports of violation of the rights of prisoners, of non-compliance with the standards of detention, hunger strikes, riots, attempts to escape, deaths and other impartial moments, which allow to judge that not everything is as smooth in SIZO No. 1. Moreover, such cons are observed not only on the part of the prisoners. So, about a year ago there was information that the reduction in the staff of the FSIN led to a significant decrease. This was the reason for the appearance of fears on the part of warders of pre-trial detention center No. 1. As the employees of the penitentiary service admitted, due to the reduction in the number of supervisors, it became simply dangerous to work.
In such circumstances it becomes clear that more than one year will be spent on bringing the state of Russian prisons to international standards.
