Article 282 of the Criminal Code

The law providing for counteractionextremism, was developed even when the country's president was Yeltsin. When VV came to power. Putin, he was forced by the administration of the head of state. Adopted in 2002 by the State Duma. Approved by the Federation Council and signed by the president, then it was published in the Rossiyskaya Gazeta. After it was adopted, another bill appeared that defined the introduction of amendments to the legislative acts of the Russian Federation in connection with its adoption. So there was article 282 of the Criminal Code. Even then, from the conclusion of a number of authoritative experts, the conclusion arose that this law contradicts certain points of the Constitution and a number of international acts. But this did not prevent his existence, and for ten years he was supplemented by a number of amendments.

282 article defines the penalty for suchacts as a humiliation of human dignity, which takes place on a number of grounds - race, language, faith, nationality, gender or origin, and membership in a social group. It states that such actions can be carried out using the media (which can be considered an aggravating circumstance). According to this article, the punishment may be in the form of a fine (from 100 thousand to 300 thousand rubles), deprivation of the right to engage in certain types of activities, or hold any positions (for a maximum of three years), or mandatory (or corrective) work. It is not excluded and imprisonment for up to two years.

Aggravating circumstances may be the following: application (or threat of use) of violence; use of one's position or position; actions by an organized group. In such cases, the punishment is toughened - the amount of the fine is increased, or the period during which it is forbidden to hold any office, or the term of imprisonment (up to five years) is increased, etc. Article 282 provides for responsibility for the above actions for any citizen. The only condition is that he is 16 years of age.

Article 282 defines the types of punishment for the organization of extremist communities and the organization of the activities of such communities.

It should be noted that to "two hundred and eighty-second"very ambiguous attitude. I must say that the wording of article 282 does not even give a hint of what kind of actions can be attributed to the composition of the crime. Therefore, it can be interpreted in almost any way. On the one hand, its formulation, or, rather, the lack of a clear one, allows us to almost level out the meaning of this article. And on the other hand, it can be interpreted so widely that it is easy to call practically harmless actions "extremism", "xenophobia", etc.

Unfortunately, the practice of legal proceedings in Russiashows that the legal meaning of this article is leveled when a criminal act is aimed against the Russian-speaking population, but punish mainly Russian-speaking (including members of Russian nationalist organizations). That is, for the same crime, the person from the Caucasus or Central Asia will be acquitted, but the native inhabitant of the Russian Federation will be condemned to the fullest extent (exceptions are very rare) - a sort of "positive discrimination". Therefore, the people have long been called "Russian article".

Further, the key evidence on charges ofIn this case, this is the opinion of the expert, but, unfortunately, due to the fuzziness of the "two hundred and eighty-second", the accuracy of the examination and its compliance with legislative norms is not unquestionable, in addition, sometimes incompetent persons act as experts. Extremism is often understood not only as an act, but also as the expression of certain thoughts, ideas, and even individual words. By the way, active Internet users should not forget that there are 282 articles, and be attentive to their statements in the comments or articles being created. After all, there have already been cases when bloggers were tried for inciting hatred on a national basis.