Types of shelters. Asylum is ...
Asylum is, according to Ozhegov's dictionary, a place where one can hide from something and find protection. Let's discuss in more detail what kinds of shelters exist.
Types of shelters
Types of shelters are classified by:
- safety properties;
- spaciousness;
- site location (integrated and detached);
- the presence of filter-ventilation equipment (with the equipment of industrial production, with equipment made from improvised materials);
- period of construction (pre-built, quick-mounted);
- purpose (for the purpose of protecting residents, for the purpose of locating management organizations).
Not everyone knows from what exactly can protect shelters. Shelters guarantee the protection of human life from:
- effects of a nuclear explosion and its light emission;
- penetrating radiation;
- radiation;
- precipitation;
- poisonous elements;
- bacteria;
- exposure to high temperatures due to fire;
- toxins;
- fragments from ammunition;
- fragments of collapsing buildings and buildings.
What is meant by political asylum?
There are types of shelters, which are called political. What is a political shelter and how does it happen?
Socio-political asylum isproviding a person with this or that country the opportunity to hide from persecution by political criteria, as a refugee was subjected to in his state. Under the persecution is meant not only infringement of political views, but also social life, as well as rights and freedoms of a citizen. The fourteenth article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that any person can receive political asylum in other states in case of persecution in the homeland.
Types of political asylums
There are two types of political hiding places -territorial and diplomatic. Territorial asylum is an opportunity to hide from social and political persecution in the territory of another country, and diplomatic - that which is granted, directly on the territory of the embassy, consulate or military facilities (water and aircraft, bases, camps, etc.). note that another country has the right to refuse to provide shelter to a person without explanation.
In case of granting socio-politicalasylum, the government undertakes not to extradite a person who received help and support in any case. Individuals who received shelter in a particular state are not foreigners in it if they obtained the citizenship of the country in which they found shelter. It is also worth remembering that in this case the government is responsible for the refugee and the acts that he has committed. The state ceases to grant asylum only if circumstances that have forced a person to seek refuge in other countries have disappeared.
There is a very important point in the International Declaration. It refers to the fact that political asylum is not granted only to those people who have committed a criminal offense.
Types of legalization of the stay of a foreign citizen on the territory of the country. Temporary refuge in Russia
Unstable political situation in the countrypushes many residents to throw housing and find a roof over their heads in a foreign country. This part of society is the most unprotected, since they do not have anything that is necessary for ordinary life.
Providing refugees with everything necessary is a taskreceiving State. Coming to the Russian Federation, residents of other countries have the opportunity to choose the only way among all to legalize their own stay in the state. Let's discuss in more detail all the options for living in the territory of the Russian Federation. There are several options.
1. To obtain temporary asylum in the Russian Federation and to use absolutely all social rights without restriction.
2. Take refugee status. Such a refuge is one of the best options, since the refugee status is given to a citizen for 3 years and gives the opportunity to enjoy numerous benefits, as well as receive cash payments.
3. Get a socio-political shelter.
History of status creation
It's no secret that there are already more in the south-east of Ukraine2 years of serious hostilities are unfolding. People who became hostages of fate, were left without a roof over their heads and forced to apply for asylum in the Russian Federation.
Many believe that the terms "temporary asylum" and"refugee" appeared precisely in connection with the military situation in Ukraine. However, they are mistaken. This law came into force in 1993. It used far fewer foreigners than now. Predominantly, as it is today, it was immigrants from the zones of military operations.
When can I get a special status?
Temporary refuge - the ability of residents of other countries to live for some time in the territory of the Russian Federation or some other country. This is possible only in two cases.
1. A stranger has reasons for obtaining refugee status.
2. A resident of another country has no reasons for granting refugee status, but his deportation outside the Russian Federation is not carried out for certain circumstances. Such factors are a serious state of health, as well as the inability to provide assistance on the territory of a foreign citizen, fighting, epidemics, famines.
How to get a temporary shelter?
Providing temporary shelter is the result of a long and time-consuming process. In order to receive a shelter, a foreign citizen must provide the FMS with the following documents.
1. A completed application for political asylum. It should also include all family members who are with the applicant in the country.
2. The passport.
3. Fingerprint map.
4. A document that confirms family relationships (when you enter the Russian Federation with your family).
5. 4 standard photos.
For the period of consideration of the application a document is issued,which proves the authority of a resident of another country and his family to be on the territory of the Russian Federation. The application itself is considered for a maximum of 3 months. If a citizen has expressed a desire to receive asylum and applied, he and his family must undergo a medical examination within 10 days, after which he will receive a certificate. It is valid for 1 year.
FMS, after 3 months, makes a verdict. By its permission, a citizen of a foreign country receives a certified copy of the document, which indicates the provision of temporary asylum. This act must be provided when applying for a job or, for example, in a registry office when registering a marriage. This document is kept in the FMS.
Employment of a foreign citizen
Temporary asylum is an excellent option thatwill help to easily find a citizen of another country work in Russia. A foreigner who has received a temporary document has the right to seek employment. He must provide a certificate of temporary asylum, a work record and an education certificate. In the event that a foreign citizen is employed in an organization that deals with the education and upbringing of children, he must additionally provide a certificate of absence of a criminal record.
Rights of citizens of another country who have received temporary asylum
Residents of other countries who received a certificate of temporary residence have the right to benefits, which are set out in the Federal Law "On Refugees". Foreigners are entitled to the following rights.
1. An alien who has issued a temporary residence has the right to free use of the services of an interpreter.
2. A foreign citizen has the right to help in obtaining travel tickets and compensation for the transport of goods.
3. A citizen of another country with a registered temporary residence can use medical services free of charge, according to the insurance policy.
4. An alien has the right to free education.
5. A foreign citizen can count on assistance in getting a job.
There is also material assistance, however its volume is set individually by the city authorities.
Term of temporary residence
Temporary asylum is granted for a period of 1 year. In the future, the certificate can be extended for another 12 months. To extend the certificate, it is required to write an appeal to the FMS no later than 30 days after the expiry of the initial period.
Is it possible to lose information about temporary residence?
Few people know whether it is possible to lose refugee status. We will describe in which cases the procedure for registering a special status will have to start from the beginning.
As we said earlier, after registrationtemporary asylum, a foreign citizen does not have the right to leave the territory of the Russian Federation before the expiry of the refugee status. In the event that a foreigner still leaves the territory of Russia, he loses a special status, and upon return the procedure will have to be repeated.
The special status will also be lost ifThe refugee was granted citizenship in another state. The status of temporary asylum will be lifted if its owner commits a crime on the territory of the Russian Federation and is convicted.
Political asylum for Ukrainian citizens
In connection with the difficult socio-politicalsituation in Ukraine, the applications of residents of this state are considered in accordance with a simplified system, within 3 days. Recall, residents of other countries draw up a certificate for 3 months.
To obtain a temporary shelter, residents of Ukrainemust file a written request and undergo a medical examination. As a result, a certificate is issued at the hospital, which should be sent to the FMS. Already after the application is approved within 1 working day, the Ukrainian is issued a certificate confirming the right to temporary residence in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Last summer in Russia wasThe preferential term of stay of the residents of Ukraine in the Russian Federation was abolished. Previously, Ukrainians had the opportunity to stay in the country for 90 days and extend the certificate every 3 months. Currently, citizens of Ukraine have a total of 90 days in order to legitimize their stay on the territory of the Russian Federation. This means that during this period it is necessary to transfer an application for a temporary asylum.
Summing up
Temporary asylum is a great way torefugees to protect themselves and their relatives. When there is political persecution or war in the country, the help of other states is the only way to preserve oneself and one's health. It is necessary to recognize that granting political asylum is a rather long process, but a special status will allow not only to get a job, but also to study in educational institutions.
