Fire extinguishing powder. Powder fire extinguishing module. Powder fire extinguishing installations

Fire gave mankind many newopportunities. However, it was not possible to completely tame this element. Getting out of human control, the flame of fire destroys everything in its path. To extinguish fires, many devices and devices have been invented. They are based on the use of different materials. Possible fire extinguishing powder, gas, water.

Basic principles of using fire extinguishing powders

This method of fighting fire is first mentioned inthe end of the 19th century, when the German colonel extinguished arose fire with the help of aluminum alum and a charge for their spraying. In Russia, powder fire extinguishing began to develop actively after the creation of N. Shevtal fire extinguisher filled with alum, bicarbonate soda, a small amount of land. Such funds were also necessary for pacifying fire at nuclear power plants. Fire extinguishing powder consists in the supply of a certain composition (powder) to the ignition zone. Such devices are widely used to pacify fire in a zone that is under tension, as well as in severe climatic conditions (at low temperatures).

Powders used in plants

A mixture that is used to eliminate fire,can contain such components: potassium chloride (sodium), ammonium phosphate (sulphate), potassium carbonate or bicarbonate, alumina-containing substances, alkali metal chlorides. Non-flammable base, hydrophobizer, depressant, antioxidants - this is an approximate composition of the powder material for extinguishing. Once in the affected area, the components of the mixture are heated. Due to the fact that the heat costs occur, the combustion zone is cooled. They also create an obstacle to the further spread of the elements. There is also an inhibition of chemical reactions.

Classification of fire extinguishing installations with powders

Powder fire extinguishing is accomplished by means of special devices. Depending on the method of controlling such installations, the following types are distinguished:

1. Automatic settings - the ignition is detected automatically, the corresponding signal is sent to start the device.

2. When manually starting (remote), this signal is transmitted manually.

3. There are also stand-alone installations, they do not depend on either power supplies or control. Depending on what the method of storing the composition, there are installations of a modular type, as well as with centralized storage.

Different types of powder extinguishing modules

Modules and installations, the action of which is basedon the use of various powders, are suitable for extinguishing practically all classes of fires. The powder fire extinguishing module "Buran" is used for electrical equipment that is under voltage. Its modifications are recommended to be used in production, warehouses, suspended ceilings. In residential buildings, offices, etc., you can use "Mongoose-6". Another module of powder fire extinguishing is used in areas where the probability of explosions is high. Module "Tornado" is characterized by its speed. It has an indestructible case. It is not intended to extinguish organometallic compounds. In the subway, ground transport, powder fire extinguishing installations OSP-1 are widely used. They are designed to eliminate fire without the participation of people. Another universal installation - "Titan". It is used in warehouses, electrical cabinets, administrative and other buildings. There is also a special powder-extinguishing car. It is equipped with a powder storage chamber, a compressor unit. The volley powder extinguishing system is also efficiently operated.

What determines the efficiency of the use of plants

A significant role in the elimination of fire is the degreegrinding of the constituents of the mixture. If the powder has rather small particles, its application will be ineffective. The supply to the fire is difficult. As a rule, the fractions have a size of 40 to 80 μm. The chemical composition also has a considerable influence on the quenching process. On the best side, chemical agents have proven themselves. In this case, the fire extinguishing powder will be more effective due to the reduction in the burning rate. Also, such substances prevent the spread of fire. Thermal mixtures only lower the temperature in the combustion region. An important factor in the effective operation is the time for which the installation is triggered. Some models require only a few seconds to begin functioning. In the composition of powders, adsorbents are often introduced. This is their considerable merit, especially if such modules are used in extinguishing petroleum products. Adsorption of such a liquid occurs, accordingly, the fire decays. A similar effect can be achieved with the introduction of schungite.

The advantages of extinguishing fires with powders

This method of extinguishing fires has a number ofadvantages. First of all, they are safe and non-toxic. Fire extinguishing powder effectively fights with the elements. In addition, the earliest stages of extinguishing are dispensed with without the participation of people. Powders - a universal tool that can be used both for the elimination of combustion of solid, liquid, gaseous substances, and for the processing of electrical equipment and installations that are under tension. Another undoubted advantage is a gentle influence on objects. Water, foam methods can cause additional damage to material values, interior items. Automatic powder fire extinguishing preserves the property of a person. Also, similar installations and modules differ in their speed. The launch takes place within a few seconds. In addition, the cost of powder fire extinguishing systems is low, installation is easy in execution. The disadvantages are low penetrating power. Also, some degree of contamination of things is probable. It is not recommended to use powder modules in rooms with equipment that has many open small areas.