Executive authorities - general characteristics

The essence of the country's functioning, in the finalaccount, is reduced to what executive authorities are present in it. Therefore, it is important to clearly imagine what they are, what structure and what powers they have.

The concept and structure of executive bodies

Turning to the definition that is providedscientists-constitutionalists, it can be said that the bodies under consideration should be understood as those who, due to their duties, carry out the administration of state affairs and ensure the effective implementation of legislation in the existing life of the people.

The bodies of executive power are formed depending on what goals were set before them. Therefore, it is important to understand the main areas of their activities, which are:

1. creation and maintenance of such conditions for the activities of the company and any of its members, under which all provisions of the law, in particular constitutional acts of the country, would be observed;
2. maximum securitysociety living on the territory of the country, with both internal and external threats. At the same time, the nature of the threat (from another state or from natural and / or technogenic factors) does not matter;
3. the formation of such a level of development of the country, in which each component of its unit will be guaranteed the existence of favorable conditions for development.

To achieve these goals, legal experts and political scientists have developed a certain structure of executive bodies:

1. The highest level is represented by the government andPresident. If the government always belongs to this category, then the inclusion of the president in it is characteristic only of the presidential and semi-presidential republic;
2. second level - ministries, state committees and departments;
3. the third - federal governments (only valid for federations);
4. the fourth level is local self-government, which includes city halls, administrations, departments.

Thus, public authoritiesrepresent special state formations that operate both at the country level and in its separate section and are obliged to carry out in the existing social life the normative acts adopted by the legislative power.

Executive power in Russia

Speaking about the subjective composition of the executive branchin Russia, it should be remembered that it is a federation. And, accordingly, all executive authorities are divided into two categories - national and federal.

To the first kind according to the current Constitutionfirst of all, the government. The terms of his powers are quite wide. And this position is connected with the fact that the competence of this body includes general management of all federal districts. In addition, it should be remembered that it is also obliged to implement all existing legislation, draft bills on various areas of public life, and implement the country's foreign policy.

Executive power in Russia isnational level is also represented by federal ministries. Their competence includes the regulation of a certain area of ​​public relations at the national level.

The third representative of the nationwideexecutive level is the State Committee, which coordinates between two or more ministries. Federal commissions function along with them.

The fourth body is the federal services, which have a strictly delineated sphere of activity, as a rule, limited to special acts.

At the level of the subjects of the federation, the following executive authorities are distinguished:

1. organs of the republics - they are formed depending on the type of the specified form of government;
2. bodies of territorial entities - as a rule, are represented by the administration of territorial divisions.

Thus, the structure of the executive branch in Russia is complex and multi-step, which is explained by the specifics of the administrative-territorial form.