The more dangerous the flood. What are the recommendations for the population on safe behavior?

Flooding of certain areas due to the risethe level of water in rivers, lakes, seas and other water bodies, caused by a sharp and abundant water supply, is called flooding. It can arise as a result of downpours, snow melting, wind surges, as well as with gluttons, congestions and other natural disasters.

Basic concepts

Specialists distinguish several classes of floods. Depending on them, the scale of distribution is differentiated and the possible consequences are estimated. In order to say exactly what a flood is dangerous for, it is necessary to understand what exactly is at stake. After all, first of all you need to know what consequences it can lead to.

Thus, with a small scale of disaster, when speechis about the so-called low floods, the damage is usually small. Small sections of coastal areas are underflooded, under water there is no more than 10% of agricultural land near water bodies. This does not violate the habitual way of life of the population.

High floods already flood 10-15%agricultural land. When they approach a partial evacuation of people. Such disasters can bring about changes in the economic life of the local population, cause significant damage, both moral and material.

It is easy to understand what are dangerous floods, if theyby class belong to the outstanding. They cover whole river basins, flooding about 50-70% of all agricultural lands, causing significant damage in populated areas. In such cases, complete evacuation of residents of coastal villages and cities, protection of socially significant objects is required. The economic activity is completely paralyzed.

In case of catastrophic floods floodedthere are many settlements, utilities, industrial enterprises, more than 70% of the land allocated for agriculture. They cause enormous material damage and lead to the death of people. The activities in the territories that are in the zone of a natural disaster are completely paralyzed, and the life of the population is changing.

Causes of flooding

To understand what is dangerous flooding, what recommendations exist for the population on safe behavior, it is necessary to know the nature of its manifestation.

Thus, floods, for example, arise as a result ofmelting snow and heavy rainfall in the mountains. They are repeated almost every year in the same season. The high waters are characterized by a significant and prolonged rise in water.

Floods occur as a result of snowmelt during thaws and heavy rains. For this weather cataclysm it is difficult to track the frequency. The rise of water can be intense, but short-term.

Floods caused by congestion (ice packsin the channel of rivers) or by gluttons (clogging the channel with internal ice) take place in the winter-spring period. With congestion, water rises high, but for a short period. And with the zealots, which are in the beginning of winter, floods are more prolonged.

Rescuers know the danger of a flood caused by wind surges. It can not be predicted in advance, it can begin at any time. At the same time, the water rises high enough.

When breakthrough dams, emergency discharges of water from the reservoirs formed a wave that flooded large areas, destroying the on its way houses and industrial facilities.

Disruptive factors

Regardless of the reasons that led toflooding, destructive force alone - the flow of water. When assessing what is dangerous for a flood, it is necessary to take into account not only the area affected by the elements, but also the speed of the current, the water temperature, its maximum level. The time of the year in which the emergency occurred was also important. Attention is also paid to the speed of water lifting.

All these factors combine to assess,than dangerous flooding. OBZH also says that we should not forget about other threats. So, fires are possible, arising from the breakage and closure of electrical cables and wires, the collapse of buildings and structures. It is impossible to exclude the possibility of epidemic outbreaks.

Main problems

In floods, all destruction is caused by a floodwater. Possible damages will depend on its intensity. But in any case it is important to know what are dangerous floods. So, because of them such problems can arise:

- erosion of shores;

- flooding of territories, agricultural lands, economic and industrial facilities;

- damage to engineering structures: bridges, railroad tracks, highways, tunnels, oil and gas pipelines;

- destruction of communications and hydraulic structures: communication systems, dams, dams.

It is important to understand what is dangerous for a flood, whichthere are recommendations for minimizing losses and preventing possible deaths of people. In addition to the above-described consequences, it is also possible to damage residential and industrial buildings, reduce their capitalization. After all, as a result of the action of water, the layer of plaster is destroyed, the wooden parts begin to rot, and the ground beneath the foundation is blurred.

Concomitant Damage Factors

In addition to the consequences that the destructiveforce of water, do not forget about the possibility of fires due to short circuits in dangling electrical lines. But this is still far from a complete list of what is dangerous flooding.

It can cause deforestation of forest species. Also, often after floods, landslides, landslides, and mudflow occur. Possible biological damage to the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere as a result of chemical or even radioactive contamination of the territory. Floods wash away the fertile layer of soils from agricultural areas.

It is also possible to spread infectiousdiseases of animals and people. To prevent their development, it is necessary to know what is dangerous for flooding, what recommendations exist for the population on safe behavior.

Fundamental rules

Currently, most naturalCataclysms, among which floods, can be predicted in advance. As soon as a threat arises, special services begin work aimed at minimizing the destruction. In addition, evacuation points are organized. After all, knowing how dangerous a flood is for a person, rescuers try to take out as many people as possible from the area of ​​possible disaster.

If the trouble comes suddenly, you need to knowbasic rules of conduct. So, noticing the arriving water on the street, it makes no sense to leave your house. It is necessary to get as high as possible. In high-rise buildings it is necessary to climb to the upper floors, in private houses - to move to attics. If you know what is dangerous flooding, what recommendations exist for the population, you can stay alive.

First of all, it is necessary to remain onelevations before the arrival of rescuers. Do not try to get out of the flooded village on your own. Only coordinated actions of special services and victims can prevent even greater danger and possible death of people.

Recommendations for the population

If you were a victim of a flood, most importantly -try to keep as calm as possible. It is necessary to remove all heavy clothing, get rid of shoes. While in the water, look around, find any floating object for which you can grasp. It does not have to be a life ring or an air mattress. You can use the camera from the wheel, a sheet of foam, empty plastic bottles from the water. But do not forget what to do and what is dangerous flooding. Briefly: rescuers recommend to get to any elevation. It can be a tree or a roof of a house.

Given that the rescue operationsare organized immediately, it is necessary to wait for help in the chosen place. When you are found, it is important to listen to all the recommendations and obey all the requirements of the rescuers.

Behavior after flooding

Unfortunately, not everyone knows that after leaving the waterThe danger still remains. So, flooding can significantly damage residential buildings and communication systems. Therefore, before you enter the room, you should make sure that nothing threatens inside of you.

You can not immediately light a fire and turn on the light,necessarily need to ventilate the room. First of all, you need to make sure that the gas pipes are not damaged. Also do not forget to check the integrity of electrical wiring, water supply and sewage systems.

Special cases

In most cases, they reflect on the danger of floods, inhabitants of cities located near reservoirs. But there are these natural cataclysms in the deserts. There they are especially dangerous.

Many believe that water in arid areascan not cause problems. But experts know what dangerous floods in the desert. They are, as a rule, sudden. Overdried land can not immediately absorb a large amount of moisture. It is also important that people in arid regions are, as a rule, not ready for such elements. There are no fortification and water intake structures capable of containing the pressure of water and withdraw it in time. Moreover, in the deserts, often even roads are laid through the dried riverbeds.

This is such a terrible natural disaster - a flood. Let's hope that our advice will not be of use to you. But it is better to own the information provided: as it is said, warned - means, armed!