Guyce of the Russian Navy: what is this, photo, history

The history of flags is fascinating in many respects in the study. Therefore, you probably will be interested to know what is gyuys, what are its types and significance on the ships of the navy of our country, and also plunge into the world and domestic history of this sea standard.

What is gyuss

The word "gyus" comes from the Netherlands. geus - "gez", which was the name of the nasal flagships gesoz, participants in the anti-Spanish revolution in Holland. Over time, it has become a household name. Today, the nose of the Navy of Russia and other countries is called the nasal flag of a sea vessel, which, together with a naval, commercial or civil standard, speaks of the state ownership of the ship.

The second name of the Huys is a bowsprit flag, at the beginning of his history he was raised on a bowsprit or a special flagpole, and called - gyuyshtok. Today, you can see the gyus on the vessel's tank. It is also currently used mainly by warships, but some countries allow the Huys for their civil ships.

Another synonym of Huys, actual, however, is notall countries - this is a fortress flag, since it is raised on coastal fortresses and other important objects on the shore. Gyuis is also called the parking flag, because it determines the moored ships at a greater expense than ships on the move.

World history of Huys

During the Middle Ages, the Huys talked about the portthe assignment of a particular ship. The first nose flag is the Prince of Orange's gyus, which was mentioned in 1572 when describing the capture of the town of Den Brill, the first liberated from the Spaniards. However, the characteristics of Huys did not survive - there is a suggestion that his image was copied by the flag of the Orange House - orange, white and blue equal horizontal stripes.

One of the most famous gyuys was bowspritnythe flag of the union of England and Scotland, which decorated ships in 1634-1707. Symbols of the English flag of St. George (red cross on a pure white background) were imposed on the symbolism of the Scottish flag of St. Andrew (white inverted letter "X" on a blue background). Gyuys in some ways became the prototype of the future flag of Great Britain. He had to wreck only on warships, which is why Gez called "Union Jack" ("Allied Gyus"); merchant ships had the right to have only the flag of St. Andrew or St. George, depending on the country's membership of the union.

Now smoothly move on to the history of the Russian navy, first of all, acquainted with its origin.

The origin of Russian gyuysa

In the Russian Empire, gyus appeared in 1658 -after visiting Peter the Great of the Kingdom of England during the Great Embassy. The flag was supposed to symbolize the power and greatness of the young Russian fleet, so its appearance was chosen in the likeness of the Huys of the most powerful sea alliance - Britain and Scotland, which we analyzed in detail above.

On the Russian same gyuys, in contrast to the symbolUnion, the cross of Andrew the First-Called dominated the cross of St. George, and not vice versa. This was done because it was from St. Andrew, according to Peter, Russia and became baptized. Also, this cross also had a symbolic meaning - at the time of the creation of the state, the state already had access to the four seas. That is why the first Russian Order of St. Andrew was approved in the form of the same quadrilateral oblique cross.

Use this nasal flag that has becomeprototype of the modern navy of the Russian Navy, began in 1701. His image was also used as a serf standard of forts and other seaside objects.

Gyuys during the Russian Empire

In 1712, Peter the Great pointed out alsouse approved gyuss and as a Kaiser-flag (the Kaisers-Flag) - a banner that rises on ships in the event that there is a general-admiral, grand dukes and other important persons on the same. "Sea Charter" of 1720 finally approved its appearance. Such a Kaiser flag could also be used as a boat.

Gyuss of the Russian Navy, for the same "Naval Charter",could be raised not only on the military, but also on auxiliary ("fins") ships, and on the galleys (in this case the cross was supplemented by "scythe"). It is now difficult to determine whether merchant ships used such a flag in Petrograd.

Without any changes approved by PeterThe first gyus existed until 1913. Then, on the orders of Emperor Nicholas II, the drawing on the standard was supplemented by a double-headed eagle of black color, located in the center of the panel. This type of gyus was active until the February Revolution of 1917.

Gyuss of the Soviet Union

Soviet power was used by the Huys and serfsflags of the times of the Empire until 1924, which was slightly surprising on the background of a total change in historical symbols and names. Then the standard has undergone a number of changes:

In 1924 the Peter's figure of Huys was supplemented by a white circle in the middle, in the center of which a red star with a white sickle and a hammer in its core shone.
In 1932, the drawing of the USSR's gyuys was radicallychanged. The banner was a red cloth, centered on a large five-pointed star. In its middle was placed a red starlet of smaller size, inside of which there were crossed white hammer and sickle.
In 1964, a slight change in the appearance of the Huysa was followed - a large white star with all its contents was displaced and its size was changed.

The last option existed until 1992 - in the next paragraph we will be talking about the flag-guise of the Russian Navy.

Gyuss of the Russian Federation

Let's briefly review the most modern part of the history of Russian nasal flag ships:

In 1992, Presidential Decree No. 798 introduced a newa kind of naval gyuysa - a red cloth with St. Andrew's and St. George's Cross, which was once invented by the Emperor Peter the Great. The difference was in one thing: the stripes of the cross of St. Andrew were not originally blue, but blue.
In 2000, the navy of Russia returned the historical color version of the main cross - blue.

The Russian border ships use a slightly modified gyuss - its white fringe is three times wider.

Gyuys of the Russian Navy at the present time

Today the gyuss of the Russian Navy is the membership of only military courts of 1, 2 ranks. It is raised on the nose (tank) of ships and submarines only during the parking.

Well, in general, the gyuss of the Russian Navy - what is it? What does he look like? The modern Russian nasal and fortress flag is a scarlet cloth with a white background thin vertical cross, over which is depicted a blue diagonal (inverted) cross with a white edging. The width / length ratios are as follows:

1 / 1,5 - the width of the whole body to its length;
1/10 - the width of the blue strip of the big cross to the length of the whole flag;
1/20 - width of the white strip of the background cross to the width of the entire panel;
1/40 - the width of the white fringing of the main cross to the width of the whole gyussa.

You can see a photo of the navy of Russia in the modern version further.

At the present time, gyuysu in Russia is identical andthe fortress flag. Although they are both approved by one normative act, it is not necessary to consider these concepts interchangeable - at different times these terms differed in essence, and the standards - in appearance.

Using

According to Art. 628 of the Russian Ship Regulations, gyuss can only be used on military and border ships of 1st and 2nd ranks. The bow flag is raised on the gyusstock in the parking lots of ships on a barrel, anchor, moorings.

Today, gyuss rises and falls by sailorssimultaneously with the ascent / descent of the main naval flag of the state - at 8 am and after sunset. It is permissible to raise it also on the masts of salute coastal points at the launch of salutes.

Value of the Navy of the Russian Navy

Peter the First is not without reason, modifyingEnglish-Scottish gyuss, singled out in the first place the cross of Andrew the First-Called. According to biblical traditions, this apostle was a fisherman, why he is considered the patron of all seafarers. It is also believed that he preached in the territory of the future Russia and even left here two of his pewter crosses - in Kiev and in Volkhov. The image on them was copied in the form of the main element of Russian gyuys.

As for the meaning of the flowers of the Russian navy, it is similar to the color symbolism of the country's main national flag:

white - purity, purity, peace, perfection;
red - the color of the blood of the defenders of the Motherland, energy, righteousness, power;
blue - faithfulness, constancy, faith.

Collar-gyuss

In addition to the standard, the gyuss of the Russian Navy is a collar,which is the decoration of the sailor's costume. The history of its origin is quite practical. In the old days, the charter attributed to sailors wearing powdered wigs and greased braids of horsehair. This peculiar headdress was maraling the robe, which led to a strict punishment of the sailor. Resourceful sailors began to sew a leather flap to their suit under a braid wig, which protected clothing from contamination. Over time, this patch was transformed into a modern-looking gyuss.

According to another version, the "ancestor" of the sailors' collarThere was a hood, a hood, which the sailors put on their heads, defending themselves against the weather. Governing the gyus under the clothes, you could also protect yourself from cold wind, rain and sea spray.

Today sailor's collar is made of dense cottoncloth dark blue color, supplying it with three decorative white strips on the sides. Lining of the hair is also blue. This collar is removable - it is provided with eyelets for fastening to the appropriate buttons on the "foreman" and working jacket.

What do stripes on the collar

Guy's patterns of the Russian Navy suggest the presence of three white cloth strips on this collar. Their presence is explained by two unofficial versions:

The number of bands corresponds to the number oflarge victories of the Russian navy - from Gangut (1714), from Chesma (1770) and from Sinop (1853). It should be noted that there are also three strips on the collars of foreign sailors, the number of which is explained in this way.
The number of bands symbolized the proximityone or another squadron to the great Peter. Since there were only three of them, the number of strips was also appropriate. The more bands there were, the more the Russian emperor favored the sailors of this squadron.

Thus, in gyuysa that of Russia, that of otherscountries is important - it allows you to determine the state ownership of a vessel in a parking lot. In addition, the version of the nose flag also indicates which ship is in front of you - military or frontier. Huys - and the standard, and the collars - have a rather interesting history of their origin and subsequent modification.