Surveillance system: installation. CCTV system: installation and maintenance

If you ask the experts what they understandunder video surveillance, the answer will be something like this, which is performed using optoelectronic devices designed for visual monitoring or automated image analysis. And if you ask ordinary people who are confronted with cameras in a bank or a shop, then the answer is the option that this is part of the security of the object. Both definitions will be correct.

What is video surveillance needed for?

Each leader has his own incentive motiveto install a similar system. Someone is watching customers and employees in the store, someone behind the warehouse workers, and someone behind the office workers to assess the productivity of labor. Video surveillance is also used in private homes. To control children, nannies or pets. But the main goal is to control the situation on the monitored site around the clock or at selective hours.

What is a video surveillance system

What is video surveillance, was described above, but there is the second part of the term - "system". What elements does it consist of?

DVR

This is the central part of the system. Without it, the installation of a video surveillance system is impossible. It joins executive devices and control devices, video cameras and security sensors. Recording is carried out on a hard disk of various sizes depending on the model of the recorder. The recording period is regulated by the volume of the hard disk and can be from 5 to 30 days. Cameras can shoot a picture in three ways: round the clock, according to the schedule, by the detection (availability) of the traffic. The DVR can be connected to a local network or connected to the Internet to manage it remotely.

On large objects for the storage and analysis of video information is not used by registrars, but special servers with their software.

Camcorders

Another important element from the system forCCTV - cameras. Their design features are selected depending on the location and goals. They are color and black and white, outdoor and indoor, with IR illumination for night shooting and without.

The main groups of video cameras

Cameras for video surveillance can be divided into the following groups:

• Modular and cabinet. The first is a board with an objective. Can be built in almost any subject of the interior. The second - stand-alone devices for indoor and outdoor observation (to be placed in thermo-housings).
• Analog and digital. Analog cameras are great for solvingsimple tasks (in a small shop, office, home), when the monitored objects are not so many and there is no need for high detail images. Digital cameras are installed on more serious objects, they have more functionality.
• Street and indoor. Outdoor cameras are protected by their body from various environmental influences. Internal cameras do not require such protection and may have a more aesthetic design.
• Stationary and controlled. A fixed camera only monitorsplot, which was originally directed when the installation was carried out. A video surveillance system built on controlled cameras can change the viewing direction according to specified settings or via remote control, which increases the radius of the control zone.
• Color and black and white. Black and white cameras attract clarityPictures. Color cameras are more informative. Recently, color cameras in clarity caught up with black and white. And the latter have only one advantage left - a lower price.
• Wired and wireless. For wired cameras, the video signal is transmitted via cable. Wireless cameras transmit via radio.

Source of power

Any electrical device forfunctioning requires power. Elements of a video surveillance system are no exception. For these purposes, it is better to use specially designed power supplies. They are direct and alternating current, different current strength and design. They may be powered by the building’s electrical grid or may be autonomous. The last factor allows even installation in the deep woods. Video surveillance system is becoming more autonomous.

Housings Brackets

So that modular cameras can work in streetconditions, have been developed special protective devices - thermocasin. They protect the device from both overheating, freezing, excessive humidity, dustiness and other weather conditions, as well as from damage while installation is in progress. The video surveillance system today received a different type of camera, in which the lens and other electronic filling were initially installed in a specially protected housing. The brackets are used for mounting cameras on various surfaces: walls, pillars, roofs, canopies.

Monitors

The full cycle of video surveillance does not turn ononly the recording of what is happening, but also the possibility of observing the events on the air. To make this possible, a monitor is connected to the DVR. Since the work of the video surveillance system must be uninterrupted, professional devices are required to display live images. They are able to work 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and do not spoil the view of the operators sitting behind them.

Cable

To connect cameras to the DVRuse coaxial cable or twisted pair when mounting. The video surveillance system, built for large distances (over 50 m), requires additional signal amplifiers, which can be active and passive, to transmit high-quality images.

Lightning protection devices

Since the wires laid outside attract lightning and static electricity, installation of protective devices is required.

Design

If the plans do not include installing the systemvideo surveillance do it yourself, then you will need to develop a project. And for this it is necessary to take part in the process of a specialist with architectural and engineering skills for some time. He needs to take into account all sorts of security threats and customer desires, as well as regulatory requirements. Clearly written terms of reference will greatly facilitate the work of a design engineer.

Installation and installation of video surveillance systems

You can try the installationon their own. Installation of video surveillance systems with your own hands is possible. Moreover, many sellers offer ready-made kits. It will only be necessary to determine the number and type of cameras, calculate the footage of the cable, the number of connectors for connecting cameras. Then the installation itself is carried out. The video surveillance system does not require special knowledge during installation, especially since manufacturers attach detailed instructions to most cameras. A cable for video signal to the recorder is pulled from each camera, and a cable from the power supply is laid to each camera. Cables can be laid in a cable channel, can be laid in a plinth, under the ceiling or in any other convenient way. After the cables are laid, and the cameras are connected to the recorder and powered, the system is started and adjusted.

However, if you approach the issue of installing the systemCCTV more seriously, it would be better to contact a specialized company. As a rule, such organizations have specialists with extensive practical experience in the design, installation, commissioning and subsequent maintenance of such systems. It is enough to conclude a contract for the installation of a video surveillance system.

Installation is done after customerall the characteristics of the future system will be approved: which cameras and how many, which information processing and display devices, how much information should be stored, and which variants of the video surveillance system management does the customer prefer.

When the system is installed, producedcommissioning works. Each camera is configured based on the wishes of the customer and technical conditions. The readiness of the system for operation is confirmed by a signed act of completed work.

As an additional service of the organization,specializing in the installation of video surveillance systems, offer their subsequent maintenance. Moreover, the best option is the one when the installation and maintenance is carried out by the same organization.

The cost of installing the system can be extremelydifferent and depends on many factors: the number of cameras and their characteristics, the DVR or server, the remoteness of the cameras from the recorder, the installation location of the cameras (premises, street), etc. factors affecting the cost of installation. Questions may arise in accounting, how to write off money for this work.

Installation of CCTV, KOSGU

Accountants who have to transfer money for the work performed should pay for installation services for area 226 of KOSGU, and for delivered equipment - for area 310 of KOSGU.

Those who wish to open their own business and doinstallation of video surveillance systems, you should know the code OKVED - "Installation of video surveillance systems" - 45.31. There is another code that needs to be taken into account. OKPD - "Installation of video surveillance systems" - 32.30.91. However, in this business without work experience and special education work is not just difficult, but very difficult. And if there is no such experience, then it is better to hire specialists, which, of course, is a bit costly.

The first customers are among friends, throughadvertising in newspapers and on message boards on the Internet. Sticking up ads around the city also does not hurt, as well as visiting shops and offices to offer their services. Assembling a video surveillance system with your own hands will help until the staff and the luggage of private clients are formed. Then you can try to enter the market of corporate clients, where both the scope of work and profitability are much higher. The profitability of this business can be higher than one hundred percent.