Egypt. Minerals and features of relief

Egypt occupies the north-eastern part of Africa andabout six percent of the Sinai Peninsula in Asia. The state also owns several modest islands of the Gulf of Suez, washed by the Red Sea. The north of the republic is washed by the Mediterranean Sea. From the west, the border with Libya, in the south, Egypt borders Sudan, in the north-east - with Israel.

Natural relief

Features of the relief of Egypt and natural resourcesIs a special part of the country's geography. Most of the state is located on the outskirts of the oldest platform without any special folding. Therefore, the relief of Egypt mainly consists of plains. About 60% of the state is occupied by the Libyan desert in the west. The eastern plateau of the Arabian desert stretches from the north to the south. It is located between the Red Sea and the Nile valley. The Nubian desert occupies the south-eastern part of Egypt.

The Libyan desert. Plateau

The relief of the Libyan desert is mainly formedsandstone and limestone. In the north there are heights of about 100 m, in the south - up to 600 m. Within the plateau there are also depressions. Kattara - the largest hollow - covers an area of ​​about 19 thousand square meters. m. The lowest point is 133 m below sea level. The entire area of ​​the depression is covered with salt marshes.

On the west side of Kattara there is a depressionSiwa, also covered with salt marshes. In the east - Fayum, in the southeast - hollows of Dakhla, Bahariya, Kharga and Farafra. Among the depressions there are also oases in which agriculture is rapidly developing. The deserts of this region differ in mounds. There are sandy, solonchak, pebble, rocky and sandy-pebbly soils. In the western part is the Great Sandy Desert of cellular relief. Longitudinal ridges of sand are connected by sand bars.

Not only beautiful resorts attract crowdstourists to Egypt. The relief and minerals are unique here. Rocky and pebbly soils predominate in the northern and eastern parts. Here you can find long dunes. Groundwater in the Libyan desert comes to the surface only in oases.

The Arabian desert. Plateau

The base of the plateau consists of ancientcrystalline rocks that found an outlet in the eastern part of Egypt, forming Mount Etbai. In the west, they overlap with limestones and sandstones. The height of the plateau in some places reaches up to 1000 m above sea level. In the direction of the Nile Valley, the Arabian desert goes downhill and is heavily indented by drained river beds. The soil here is mostly stony.

The Nubian plateau has a similar composition and structure. In some places of the Nuba desert you can observe the insular elevations up to 1350 m above sea level.

The minerals of Egypt areunique geological properties. This is affected by some relief features. In addition to the flat terrain, there are also highlands on the territory of the country. The highest point of Egypt is Mount Katerin with a height of 2,642 m. Among the mountain chain stretching along the coastline of the Red Sea, the peaks of Hamata and Shaib el Banat stand out.

In the northern part of the Sinai Peninsulaan array of granite chips rises. Individual peaks reach more than 2500 m above sea level. There is also a plateau of El-Igma limestone origin and plateau Et-Tih of sandstone.

Egypt. Minerals

The depths of Egypt are rich in minerals. Here there are huge deposits of hydrocarbon origin. The rift basins of the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea are famous for their oil deposits. In the north-western regions, as well as in the bowels of the basins of Siva and Kattara, there are also deposits of black gold. Not only is Egypt rich in oil. The minerals in these places are quite diverse. There are deposits of gas, iron ore, aluminum, gold, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tin and other non-metallic materials.

The Suez Bay is famous for its oil and gas basin. It is here that the main oil and gas fields are concentrated. Due to them, modern Egypt flourishes. Minerals play a significant role in the country's economy. Features of the relief of Egypt and minerals make this country a subject of geological studies.

Brown and coal in the country is not so much. The deposits are concentrated on the Sinai Peninsula. There are also deposits of uranium and titanium ore. The Bahari region is famous for its concentration of iron ore. In the Khalaib area, deposits of manganese ore have been found.

Not only the caressing sun and pyramids attracts visitors to Egypt. Minerals, their extraction and imports significantly raise the country's economy.