Biography of Gabdulla Tukay: life and work
Gabdulla Tukai is a well-known Tatar writer,poet, critic and translator. He is the founder of the new poetry of the nation, highly raises the feeling of patriotism. Tukai created a school of poetry, under the useful influence of which grew a large generation of not only Tatar, but also other writers.
Gabdulla Tukay: biography
The writer was born on 26.04.1886 in the village Kushlavych. His father - Mukhamedgarif - comes from the province of Kazan. The writer's grandfather was a mullah. When Gabdulla was 4.5 months old, his father died, and at three years he lost his mother. For some time he lived in the family of his grandfather Zinnatulla, after he got to Kazan in the family of the childless Muhammetli, where he lived for about 2 years.
Biography of Gabdulla Tukaya says thathis adoptive parents became ill, and the boy got into the family of the peasant Sagdi in the village of Kyrlai, where he lived for three years. The peasant life was not easy for him. He worked hard, studied and learned the life of Gabdulla Tukai. A brief biography further tells about his future childhood, which took place in Uralsk. He was taken to his family by a merchant Galiaskar Usmanov, where his aunt was mistress. The future writer studied in the madrassas of the Tukhvatullin family, visited the Russian class in parallel, his great natural giftedness manifested itself in studies.
He had a good ear, and he sang well, although his voice was not particularly beautiful, but the young man could gloss over the notes of the melody.
Cooperation with publications
The first literary works of Tukay partlypreserved in the journal Al-Ghasr al-Jadid (1904). In the same year he translated Krylov's fables into his native language and offered to publish them. He was interested in the works of Lermontov and Pushkin. His first work in poetry was the translation of the work of A. Koltsov "What are you sleeping, muzhichok?", Published in 1905.
Biography of Gabdulla Tukay tells that afterHow the revolution began in 1905, the first journals and newspapers Al-Ghazr al-Jadid and Fiker appeared in Uralsk. Tukai collaborated with them and printed many poems on topics that the revolution presented. He also participated in numerous city demonstrations.
In 1907 Tukay left the Tuhvatullin madrasah. So began his free life.
The third June revolution, which happened in thatthe same year, pushed the writer to create a poem "Let's not go!". Biography Gabdulla Tukaya says that in this work the voice of a fighter sounded, calling to the end to stand for the honor of his native land and democracy. Such poems as Tukai, as "A pair of horses", "Shurale", written in the early 20th century, are devoted to the theme of the native land.
Creativity Tukay
Many different genres were captured by Gabdulla Tukai. Biography creativity defines it as a national and realistic.
In the autumn of 1907 the writer came to Kazan to do his favorite thing there. The literary circles accept it with ease, it draws closer to the young writers who are grouped around the edition of Al-Islah.
At this time, all their literary opportunitiesTukai directed to satirical-humorous magazines "Yalta-yult", "Yashen". By 1908 the writer had a series of interesting poetic and journalistic essays. The poems of "Husain's Bright Memory" and "Tatar youth" are filled with feelings of historical optimism.
For the years 1909-10. the writer created a hundred poems, two tales, an essay in the autobiographical style "What I Remember About Me", an article about Tatar creativity, 30 reviews and feuilletons, published 12 books. For many years Tukay collected folk songs. In 1910, the writer published some collected songs in the book "National Melodies".
Gabdulla Tukay: biography for children
At the same time, Tukay began to write poetry and prosefor children. Poems "Goat and Ram," "Shurale" and 50 poems, about 100 translated fables, he created in five years. Great place in the literature had the creations "Call to work", the poem "Shurale" and "Merry pages", written on the motives of folk tales. Tukai created 2 textbooks on Tatar literature for the school. The poet was recognized as the founder of the Tatar literature for children.
Travel writer
Most of Tukay's poems and essays are written under the impression of trips to the village of Zakazanie. They describe the reality, valued by the defender of the people.
Despite poor health, in 1911-12Gabdulla made trips that were of great importance to him. In 1911, Tukai came by boat to Astrakhan, on the way he got acquainted with the Volga region ("Little Journey", "Dacha"). Here the writer stayed at a friend's friend Sagit Ramiev. In Astrakhan he met the Azerbaijani public figure Nariman Narimanov, who was sent there for his revolutionary activities.
In the spring of 1912 the writer decided to go to Kazan, Ufa and Petersburg. He lived in Petersburg for thirteen days, after that he went to Troitsk, and then to the Kazakh steppe to drink koumiss in the hope of improving his health. In August, Tukai returned to Kazan. He worked in the printing house and, despite the poor health, continued to engage in creativity.
2 (15) .04. 1913 Gabdulla Tukay died. He died in the prime of his talent. Traditions of Tukay became decisive ideological and aesthetic factors and life-giving sources for the development of Tatar literature in the future under the banner of the people and realism.
Gabdulla Tukaya was buried in the Tatar cemetery in Kazan.
Memory of the poet
In honor of the writer named: the Kazan area, the underground, streets in Ufa, village Dautovo in the Chelyabinsk region.
Tukay also installed monuments in Uralsk, Sankt-Petrburg and Moscow.
The museums of Gabdulla Tukay are opened: the Literary Museum in Kazan, the literary-memorial complex of Gabdulla Tukay in the village of Novy Kirlay.
The name of the writer was also named the art prize in Tatarstan.
