Musa Jalil: biography and creativity briefly for children

Musa Jalil is a famous Tatar poet. Every nation is proud of its outstanding representatives. On his poems brought up more than one generation of true patriots of his country. The perception of instructive stories in their native language begins with diapers. Moral attitudes, laid down from childhood, turn into a person's creed for the rest of his life. Today his name is known far beyond Tatarstan.

The beginning of the creative path

The real name of the poet is Musa Mustafovich Jalilov. It is known to very few people, since he called himself Musa Jalil. The biography of each person begins with birth. Musa was born on February 2 (15), 1906. The life path of the great poet began in the remote village of Mustafino, which is located in the Orenburg region. The boy was born in a poor family the sixth child. Mustafa Zalilov (father) and Rakhima Zalilova (mother) did everything possible and impossible to raise children worthy of respect.

To call childhood a hard one is not to saynothing. As in any large family, all children began to take an early part in the maintenance of the economy, the fulfillment of the clear demands of adults. The elders helped the younger ones and were responsible for them. The younger studied and esteemed the elders.

Early showed a desire for learning Musa Jalil. A brief biography of his teaching fits in a few sentences. He tried to learn, he could express his thoughts clearly and beautifully. His parents give him to Khusainia, a madrasah in Orenburg. Divine sciences were mixed with the study of secular subjects. The favorite disciplines of the boy were literature, drawing and singing.

A thirteen-year-old teenager joins the Komsomol. After the end of the bloody civil war Musa is engaged in the creation of pioneer detachments. To attract attention and an accessible explanation of the ideas of the pioneer writes poems for children.

Moscow - a new era of life

Soon he gets membership in the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and on the trip goes to Moscow.

Moscow State University acceptshis in his penates in 1927. Moussa becomes a student of the literary department of the ethnological faculty. In 1931, MSU is undergoing a reorganization. Therefore, he receives a diploma of the Faculty of Writing. The poet Musa Jalil continues to compose all the years of study. Biography of his written in the student's poetry is changing. They bring popularity. They are translated into Russian and read out at university evenings.

Immediately after receiving an education, he is appointededitor of children's magazines in the Tatar language. In 1932 he worked in the city of Serov. He writes works in many literary genres. Composer Zhiganov N. creates operas based on the subjects of poems "Altyn Chatch" and "Ildar". In them the story of his people was invested by Musa Jalil. The biography and work of the poet are entering a new era. The next stage of his career in Moscow is the head of the literature and art department of the newspaper Kommunist in the Tatar language.

The last prewar years (1939-1941) in the life of Musa Jalil are connected with the Union of Writers of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He is appointed as a responsible secretary, he manages the literary part of the Tatar Opera House.

The war and life of the poet

The Great Patriotic War broke into lifecountry and changed all plans. 1941 is also turning point for the poet. Consciously he asks Musa Mustafovich Jalil to the front. The biography of the poet-warrior is the way he chooses. He goes to the military enlistment office and asks to go to the front. Also receives refusal. The perseverance of the young man soon gives the desired result. He received a summons and was drafted into the Red Army.

He is sent to the half-year courses of political instructors ina small town Menzelinsk. Having received the title of senior political instructor, he is sent, finally, to the front line. First, the Leningrad Front, then Volkhovsky. All the time among soldiers, under bombardments and bombardments. Courage on the verge of heroism is respect. He collects material and writes articles for the newspaper "Otvaga".

The Lubansk operation of 1942 tragically breaks off the literary career of Musa. On the approaches to the village Myasnoy Bor he gets wounded in the chest, loses consciousness and falls into captivity.

The hero is always a hero

Heavy trials or break a person, ortemper his character. No matter how worried about the shame of the captivity of Musa Jalil, the biography, whose brief content is available to readers, speaks of the immutability of his life principles. In the conditions of constant control, exhausting work and humiliating mockeries, he tries to resist the enemy. Looking for associates and opens his "second front" to fight against fascism.

Originally, the writer got to the camp. There he called himself the name of Musa Gumerov. To deceive the Germans was successful, but their fans - no. He was recognized even in fascist dungeons. Moabit, Spandau, Pletsensee - these are the places of imprisonment of Musa. Everywhere he is resisting the invaders of his homeland.

In Poland, Jalil was in a camp nearthe city of Radom. Here he organized an underground organization. He distributed leaflets, his poems about victory, supported others morally and physically. The group organized prisoners of war from the camp.

"Assistant" of the Fascists in the Service of the Fatherland

The fascists tried to entice the captured soldiers intohis side. Promises were tempting, but most importantly - there was a hope to remain alive. Therefore, it is decided to take advantage of Musa Jalil's chance. Biography makes adjustments to the life of the poet. He decides to join the committee on the organization of traitor units.

The Hitlerites hoped that the peoples of the Volga regionwill rise against Bolshevism. The Tatars and Bashkirs, the Mordvins and the Chuvashes had, according to their plan, to form a nationalist detachment. The appropriate name was also chosen - Idel-Ural (Volga-Ural). Such a name was received by the state, which was to be organized after the victory of this legion.

The plans of the fascists failed to come true. They faced a small underground detachment, created by Jalil. The first group of Tatars and Bashkirs, sent to the front near Gomel, turned their weapons against their new owners. Similarly, all other attempts by fascists to use detachments of prisoners of war against Soviet troops ended. The Nazis abandoned this idea.

The last months of life

The Spandau Concentration Camp turned out to be fatal in the life of the poet. There was a provocateur who reported on the impending prisoner's escape. Among the arrested was Musa Jalil. Biography again makes a sharp turn. The traitor pointed to him as the organizer. Spread his verses of his own composition and leaflets urged not to lose heart, to rally to fight and believe in victory.

The single chamber of the Moabit prison was the lastthe refuge of the poet. Torture and sweet promises, death row and dark thoughts did not break the core of life. He was sentenced to death. On 25 August 1944, in the prison of Pletzensee, the sentence was carried out. The guillotine, built in Berlin, cut short the life of a great man.

Unknown feat

The first post-war years became a black pagefor the Zalilov family. Musa was declared a traitor, accused of treason. The poet Konstantin Simonov played the role of a true benefactor - contributed to the return of a good name. In his hands came a notebook written in Tatar. It was he who translated the verses, authored by Musa Jalil. The biography of the poet changes after they are published in the central newspaper.

More than a hundred poems of the Tatar poetwere squeezed into two small notebooks. Their dimensions (with the palm of their hand) were necessary for shelter from bloodhounds. They received a common name from the place where Jamil was held - the Moabit notebook. Sensing the closeness of the last hour, Musa handed over the manuscript to his cellmate. The Belgian Andre Timmermans managed to keep the masterpiece.

After liberation from the dungeons of the antifascistTimmermans took his poems to his homeland. There he handed them over to the consul in the Soviet embassy. In such a circumvented way, the testimony of the poet's heroic behavior in the fascist camps came home.

Poems - living witnesses

The first time poems were published in 1953. They were released in Tatar - native to the author - language. Two years later, the issue of the collection is repeated. Now it's in Russian. It was like coming back from the other world. The good name of the citizen was restored.

Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded in 1956title "Hero of the Soviet Union", twelve years after the execution. 1957 - a new wave of recognition of the greatness of the author. He was awarded the Lenin Prize for the popular "Moabit notebook" collection.

In his poems, the poet foresees the future:

If you hear from me about you,
They will say: "He is a traitor! He betrayed his native land, "-
Do not believe it, darling! The word is
Friends will not tell if they love me.

His confidence that justice will triumph and the name of the great poet will not sink into oblivion, astonishes:

Heart with the last breath of life
Will fulfill his firm vow:
I always dedicated songs to my homeland,
Now I give my life to the fatherland.

Perpetuation of a name

Today the name of the poet is known in Tatarstan, throughoutRussia. He is remembered, read, praised in Europe and Asia, America and Australia. Moscow and Kazan, Tobolsk and Astrakhan, Nizhnevartovsk and Novgorod the Great - these and many other cities of Russia have made a great name in the names of their streets. In Tatarstan, the village received the proud name of Jalil.

Books and films about the poet make it possible to understand the meaningverses, the author of which is the Tatar master of the word Musa Jalil. Biography, summarized for children and adults outlined, was reflected in the revived images of an artistic film. The film has the same name as the collection of his heroic poems, "Moabit notebook."