The concept of information

Information is one of the fundamentalphilosophical categories, together with matter, energy, space and time. The concept of information has many different definitions that reveal all its facets. The philosophical dictionary gives it such a definition - first, it is a collection of any knowledge, data, some information, and secondly, it is one of the most important concepts in cybernetics.

In non-living nature, information is associated withreflection, reflection, in everyday life - with information that is interesting to people about the surrounding reality and the processes that are taking place in it, which only a person can perceive or devices created by him.

A person perceives it through the availablehis sense organs. The concept of information in a person is the knowledge he has received from different sources. Linguistics treats it not as any messages, but as new or useful, that is, it takes into account not the volume of the message, but its meaning.

In technology, information is all messages that are transmitted through signs or signals.

For the theory of communication, it means a sequence of symbols, and any one, without taking into account its meaning.

And in the theory of information itself, it means not any sequence of symbols, but only one that completely removes or reduces the uncertainty that existed before its appearance.

The concept of information in cybernetics is as followsway: this is any combination of signals, information or effects, perceived by some system from the environment, issued by it to the environment or stored within the system. It is also the content of any signal sequences that are transmitted anywhere, that is, any text, like a sequence of letters or sounds that are treated as acoustic or graphic signals. The means of computers can process any information, without the participation of a person and thus there can be no talk of knowledge or ignorance. Such aggregates can work with artificial, abstract, false data, for which there is no objective reflection either in human society or in the natural environment.

Another concept of information is a product,The result is the interaction of data with adequate methods. These are any registered signals. But in order to extract information from them, certain methods are needed.

There is also such a notion of information assome resource, a stock of some characteristics of the object, but an inexhaustible resource that has the ability to update and reproduce. And with this resource you can perform certain actions - information processes. In the structure of possible operations with it, several basic varieties can be distinguished.

Types of information processes:

1) Search - retrieval of information from repositories.

2) Collection - its accumulation to ensure completeness, sufficient to make a decision.

3) Formalization - bringing all of its species into the same form so that they become comparable with each other.

4) Filtering - screening out data that is not needed for decision making.

5) Sorting - ordering of all data by a certain feature for more convenient use, is used to improve its availability.

6) Data archiving - organization of the information storage process in an easily accessible and convenient form, this process reduces the economic costs of data storage and increases reliability.

7) Data protection is a measure to prevent the loss, modification or reproduction of data.

8) Transportation - transmission and reception of data between the participants of the information process.

9) Transformation - transfer of data to another form or to another structure.

The concept of information is complex and multifaceted, so efforts should be made to study it.