Complex sentences: the types of complex sentences. The types of communication in a complex sentence

The ability to correctly distinguish complex sentences,Types of complex sentences in many ways determine the skill to correctly use punctuation marks. The fact that the link is present between the parts depends on the punctuation mark itself, because it's not a secret that apart from a comma, you can use a colon, dash or semicolon. On how to properly distinguish the types of complex sentences, and talk in the article.

The proposal is simple and complex

A sentence is the basic syntactic unitany language. It is with the help of them that people not only talk, but also think, write. The syntax is the study of sentences. This part of the language science defines simple and complex sentences, types of complex sentences. This section also shows how words are related to syntactic units.

Studying the syntax, a person develops his speech: it becomes rich, accurate, slim and expressive. Indeed, one can speak with simple sentences, but it is quite another to use complex syntactic constructions colored by comparisons, detailed metaphors.

Closely related to the syntax is punctuation. The center of its competence is the ability to correctly use punctuation marks. This is very important, because in this way the writer's thoughts become clear and understandable.

Types of offers

Proposals in Russian are divided intosimple and complex. The main determining factor here is the number of grammatical bases. If she is alone, the offer is simple. For example: "Autumn colored the streets with colorful leaves". (subject - autumn, predicate - painted, respectively, the sentence is simple). Quite a different matter if the sentence has more than one basis. In this case, it refers to the complex ones: "Autumn colored the streets with colorful leaves, but the rampage will not last long". Subject No. 1 - autumn, the predicate number 1 - painted; subject number 2 - riot, predicate number 2 - will last. Thus, in this example, the sentence is complex.

Do not confuse a complex and complicated proposal. Often a homogeneous predicate is taken as the second grammatical basis. For example: "Autumn screeched and colored the streets with colorful leaves". This sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous predicates: it's an inscription, painted.

Simple sentences: differences and characteristics

All types of simple and complex sentencesare delimited by two parameters: the purpose of utterance and intonation. The first implies syntactic units of narrative, interrogative and stimulating. Intonationally, non-exclamatory and exclamatory sentences are singled out.

Simple sentences, in turn, are delimited by several parameters.

1. Common and non-common. Here we draw attention to the presence of secondary members. "The kittens are playing." - "Lovely kittens are playing on the lawn in front of the house." The first sentence is not common, here only the subject (kittens) and the predicate (play). In the second case, the sentence is common: with the same grammatical basis, there are circumstances (on the lawn, in front of the house) and definition (cute).
2. One-part and two-part. The first have only one of the main members: "I do not get out of the house." Here, only the predicate is available.
3. Complicated and not. The simple sentence can be complicated by a separate definition, addition or circumstance: "A person reading books will always be an interesting interlocutor." "Reading books" is a detached definition, expressed by participial turnover. In addition, homogeneous terms, introductory words and constructions, comparative turns also make the proposal complicated.
4. Complete and incomplete. The latter do not have any member, principal or secondary. Out of context, their meaning is incomprehensible.

The division of complex sentences depending on the type of connection

The types of connections of parts of a complex sentence and words in a word combination are a compilation and a subordination. Consider them in the context of a complex sentence.

If the two parts of the sentence are equivalent, there is no question between them - we have a link in front of us. It is expressed with the help of creative unions and intonation.

If one of the parts depends on the other, we can easily ask a question between them, then there is a subordinate connection. It is realized with the help of subordinate unions, allied words and intonation.

Only intonationally connected parts that have as part of an uncounted complex sentences. Types of complex sentences are discussed in detail below.

Complicated offer

Parts in the compound sentence (hereinafter referred to as the SSP)are connected with each other both intonationally and with the help of creative unions. The latter are divided into three groups: connecting, separating and adversive.

Accordingly, the following types of complex sentences will be singled out:

1. BSC with connecting unions. The most common - and, yes, yes, and (and equal in value and), too, too. These sentences often convey the meaning of time, the simultaneity or sequence of actions. For example, the sentence: "A black cloud appeared in the sky, and only a minute later the lightning flashed." Here the sequence of events is framed not simply with the help of the union and, it is further strengthened by the circumstance of time: In a minute. Also, the SSPs with connecting unions can denote the meaning of the cause or effect: "I am hardened every morning, and therefore illnesses are alien to me." Causal significance is strengthened by the circumstance so.
2. In the SSP with opposing unions (but, ah, yes(equal in value but), but, however) one event or phenomenon opposes the other. "We all speak different languages, but people express the same grief and happiness equally." In such proposals, often a particle is added to a composition same, either only a particle same generally used without an alliance: "Only the song needs beauty, the beauty of the songs is not necessary" (I. Bunin).
3. Separation alliances or, or, something and others form another type of compoundproposals. They express the meaning of the alternation or the possibility of an event: "Whether I'm sleeping, or everything is really happening" (variability of the event). "The snow is coming, the wind is howling, the snowstorm is blowing."

Complex sentence

Quite a different matter - complex sentences. Types of complex sentences of this kind are diverse. However, all of them are united by the existence of two unequal parts: the main and the subordinate parts. From the first, we can easily ask the question to another. "We need to read only those works that educate and teach to think." The first part is the main one. Let's ask the question: "To" which books? The answer is the second part, accordingly, it is an additional one.

It is noteworthy that not always subordinatethe sentence is after the main one. It can stand in front of it: "If we leave early, we will have time to take the best places." Also the subordinate clause can "get lost" inside the main one. "The branches of the willow, which slightly touched the frost, were beautiful in autumn." It should be remembered that the subordinate clause of the whole is separated from the main comma.

Depending on the value, different complex sentences are selected. Types of complex sentences with a subordinate link will be determined by the subordinate clauses that make up its composition:

• The subordinate clauses.
• Predicate subordinate.
• Definitive subordinate.
• Additive additional.
• Pridatochnye circumstantial.

Unconditional complex sentence

There are such types of connections of parts of complexproposals, when their dependence on each other is transmitted only through the use of meaning and intonation. In this case, it is a matter of uncomplicated complex sentences. From the definition it is clear that there are no subordinate or co-operative unions here. Punctuation marks, as well as various types of complex sentences of impersonal ones, are determined only by semantic meanings.

Commas in similar syntactic unitsare placed extremely rarely. More often - a colon and a dash. The first is put in the case of the presence in the second part of the value of the cause. "I will walk: it will be better for everyone". You should also put a colon if there is an explanation value or an additional meaning. Tire is put, if the second part denotes the opposition: "The tree is growing - the peasant is chopping". Compare: "The tree is growing, but the man is chopping." Either time, condition, effect.

Offer with different types of communication

There is one more kind of complex sentences,containing the above is a complex sentence with different types of communication. It represents several blocks, connected by a cohesive linkage or unconditionally.

To better understand this typesyntactic units, let's take an example. "Some argue that the thirst for memories comes with age - I think they are mistaken." We will analyze the types of connection in a complex sentence. There are two blocks here, which are complex sentences. Between them - an all-union relationship, expressed by the value of opposition, therefore it is put in a dash. So, the first block ends with a word age, then - the second block.