Russian language: a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application

Finding the correspondence between the grammaticala mistake and a proposal, in which she was admitted, is one of the most difficult assignments in the examination work on the Russian language. Often in the works of schoolchildren there are grammatical errors in constructing a sentence with an inconsistent application.

Application in Russian grammar

The application is, perhaps, the most mysteriousa minor member of the sentence, it is extremely difficult to distinguish it from an uncoordinated definition or predicate. So, the application is a member of the sentence, which in it performs the syntactic function of the definition, but is expressed by a noun or a word that has passed into a noun. Being essentially a definition, the application is consistent with the main word in the case and number. For example: "Brother Andrew went into the room. " A brother is an application that is consistent with the word being defined in number and case. Or "The cat-prankster sank in the room ".

Application boundaries

In Russian grammar, the appendix may be nouns (Hora-giant towered above the sea), phrases (Guest, a relative of neighbors, spoke clearly and thoughtfully), turnover with the union as (To the Father, as an elderly person, it was hard to climb the stairs), turns with words by name, rank, surname, nickname, family (Military, in the rank of colonel, helped women and children), names in quotes (Journal "Electron" the family subscribed for several years).

The last two examples illustrate casesuse of an inconsistent application, where the form of the word being defined and the form of the application coincide only in the nominative and accusative cases. A violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application is a typical mistake allowed by students.

The question of defining applications as a member of a sentence

In Russian linguistics there is no single opinion on the boundaries of the application. This is a controversial member of the proposal.

The application is considered in a wideunderstanding and narrow. So, in the narrow sense of the word, the application is a definition-noun. There is a category of scientists relating to applications any adjective that complements the noun. Others believe that an application is a qualifying construction for the main members of a sentence. There is an opinion that the application is an additional clause. Such different points of view are explained by different criteria - semantic and grammatical, taken as a basis.

Application and Definition

Performing the syntactic analysis of the sentence,The application can be underscored with an undulating feature, like any definition. The inconsistent definition is similar to the application: it is expressed by the noun in the oblique case. The difference between the application and the definition is that the application, describing the subject, gives it another name. The definition carries a descriptive meaning. For example:

• Female, originally from Moscow, lived opposite.
• Female with brown eyes walked down the street.

In the first sentence there is an application that gives another, additional name to the subject: originally from Moscow means Muscovite. In the second sentence, an inconsistent definition with brown eyes, i.e brown-eyed, which describes the subject. A violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application or an inconsistent definition is both grammatical and punctuation. It must be remembered that uncoordinated applications, being the names of something, are enclosed in quotation marks: a play "At the bottom", costume "Nike", coffee "Arbat".

Violations in the construction of a sentence: an inconsistent application

An inconsistent application is in most cases a name.

At the same time, the application is considered inconsistent if it is in the oblique case if there is a generic word. For example, novel "The Way": here "Way" - an agreed application, as it isthe same number and case, as the generic word - in the singular, the nominative case. If you use this phrase in the oblique case, then the application becomes inconsistent: in the novel "The Way", the novel "The Way", where the application does not change. Harmonization in the case of a generic word and application is a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application.

An inconsistent application in the examination paper

The final work on the Russian language is includedtask - to find a sentence with incorrect use of the application. This assignment is for compliance, where in the list of proposals it is necessary to find various grammatical errors, including a violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application. The theory on this assignment, given in the tables below, helps to understand the material.

Examples will help you understand the essence of the task.

Violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application

Incorrect use of an inconsistent application	True use of an inconsistent application
In the magazine "Secular life" the results of voting are published.	In the magazine "Savor" the results of voting are published. AT "Secular life" the results of voting are published.
The opera The Nutcracker the child became interested in earnest.	The opera "Nutcracker" the child became interested in earnest. The Nutcracker the child became interested in earnest.
There was no candy on the table "Alenka".	There was no candy on the table "Alenka". On the table was not "Alenka".

In accordance with the norms of the Russian language,changes in the main word along with the application in oblique cases - violations in the construction of the sentence. An inconsistent application, examples of which use are given in the table, can be changed by case if the main word is missing in the sentence.

Punctuation when attached

Applications in a sentence can be separated and not separate. There are rules governing the separation of applications.

Separate applications

Rule	Example
The appendix is ​​detached if it is distributed and refers to the common word or personal pronoun.	His friend, a former military man, was in a car. An orphan from childhood, she did not get a good education.
The application is detached if it is distributed, refers to its own name and is after it.	Nikitin, brother's co-worker, did not appear in the unit.
An application expressed by its own name is detached if words can be substituted for it namely, more precisely, that is.	Sister Anna Ivanovna, (namely) Lidia Ivanovna, resting in a sanatorium.
The application introduced by the union is segregated as.	As a superstitious man, he did not tell anyone about the new case.

There are cases of isolation of common applications using dashes. Dash is used for a more semantic selection of the application. For example, The only joy in life was he - her cat. Undistributed single applications are most often separated from the defined word by a hyphen: an old man-general, a friend, a palmist, a Siberian collaborator.

Punctuation for an unmatched application

The application, like definition, can be detached.

In creative works of pupils and studentsthere are punctuation errors in applications and a violation in constructing a sentence with an inconsistent application. Exercises that students can prepare for the exam are given below the table.

Punctuation for an unmatched application

Rule	Example
Unmatched applications after words by name, by a nickname, by birth, by name, by nickname, separate.	That student, named Michael, was a trickster and magician. The owner, nicknamed Bugai, pets were afraid.
If at the words by name, by nickname, by birth, by name, by name there is no enumeration intonation, then the application can not be isolated.	The whole family loved the child by the nickname Tosha.
An inconsistent application that denotes the name of works, institutions, enterprises, companies, and so on, is quoted.	The restaurant "Anchor" did not have free tables. About the film "On the Road" a lot of positive feedback.

Exercises for preparation

1. Correct the sentence: The board of directors was held in Sarenneft.
2. Arrange punctuation: Leader of the first squad nicknamed the leader won the baton.

In examination papers on the Russian language, a violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application is like a trap for inattentive graduates.

In the variants from which you want to choose a sentence with an incorrect use of the application, there are also correctly formulated sentences. For example, In "Izvestia" came out an article about agriculture. This is a correctly formulated proposal. A proposal "In "Izvestia" came out an article about agriculture " - incorrectly compiled.

Difficult cases of finding an application

The application is still a controversial memberA proposal that causes controversy among linguists. A violation in the construction of a proposal with an inconsistent application is not the only mistake that students can make. The application can be confused with specifying constructions or with a predicate. For example, The apartment (it was always open) was empty. In this sentence there is no application, but there is an insertable construction. In a sentence "Sister - my best friend " too, there is no application. Here the predicate is expressed by the noun in the nominative case.

The application is an ambiguous member of the sentence, using which, it is necessary to take into account the norms and rules of constructing sentences with applications.