The revolutionary Nechayev Sergey Gennadievich: biography, achievements and interesting facts

Sergei Gennadievich Nechaev is a revolutionary andnihilist. Leader of the "People's Massacre". He represented such a direction as Russian revolutionary terrorism. He was arrested and imprisoned for the murder of student Ivanov. The article will present a brief biography of the revolutionary.

Childhood

Nechaev Sergey Gennadievich was born inIvanovo in the year 1847. The boy's family was poor. My father worked as an artist and a waiter. Mother died when Sergei was eight years old. The father married again, and the future revolutionary soon had two brothers. They lived in a three-room house with grandfathers, grandmothers and sisters. In his youth, Nechaev already knew what social inequality was. As soon as Sergei was ten years old, his father taught him to serve banquets and arranged a "run errands" for the plant. But the hero of this article did not want to work as a servant.

Learning

In 1865 Nechaev Sergey Gennadievich moved toMoscow. There the young man found a job as an assistant to the historian MP Pogodin. A year later, Sergei went to the northern capital, passed the exam for the teacher and began teaching at the parish school. Since the fall of 1868, a young man became a volunteer at St. Petersburg University. It was there that he became acquainted with Russian literature of an anti-government nature. Nechaev learned about Mikhail Bakunin, Petrashevsky and the Decembrists. Soon Sergei was in one of the student circles and realized that this is his native element. He left all sorts of things, almost abandoned the service and gave himself completely to the new hobby. Twenty-year-old student by vocation and teacher by profession formulated his life goal - "political and social revolution".

Search companions

Nechaev Sergey Gennadievich understood perfectly well thata coup can not be done alone. Therefore, the young man needed supporters. But it turned out to be very problematic: Sergei hardly knew people and could not communicate well. Nechaev lacked determination and energy, but he could not recruit students. He frightened with his fearlessness and passion, rashly ardent and calls for demonstrations. As a result, a moderate part of the free-thinking students announced a boycott.

Geneva

Sergei Gennadievich Nechaev, whose biographyfamiliar to all lovers of the history of revolutions, decided to apply another approach for the recruitment of comrades-in-arms. As you know, people follow those who have authority. And to get it, you need to stay in prison. To speed up the process, it is possible to stage arrest and imprisonment. Nechaev did this, and threw a note from the police carriage supposedly bringing him to the prison. Well, Sergei left for Geneva (Switzerland), where he hoped to enlist the support of Ogaryov, Herzen and Bakunin. The first two did not want to engage in extremism in their old age, quietly criticizing the Russian government through the newspaper Kolokol. But MA Bakunin had a more active position. Indeed, in his time, this revolutionary almost lost his head due to participation in the Dresden and Prague popular uprisings. Mikhail Alexandrovich developed his own philosophy - anarchistic. It assumed the replacement of countries with free autonomous societies, governed by the "bottom-up" principle. This idea Bakunin dreamed of for many years. It was only necessary to find volunteers capable of destroying the state.

Naturally, Mikhail Alexandrovich consideredin Sergey that person, whose hands he can bring to Russia the saving fire of anarchy. Well, Nechaev simply allowed the thinker to see what he wanted - a large and powerful secret society, which is under the strict control of Sergei and at any time ready for an uprising. For this, Bakunin obtained from Ogaryov and Herzen funds from the Bakhmetyev Foundation and provided the young man with theoretical support. In particular, the anarchist helped the hero of this article to release the famous "Revolutionary Catechism".

But the main thing is that Mikhail Alexandrovich wrote Nechayeva false mandate. This document gave Sergei the right to act on behalf of "members of the Russian department of the international revolutionary union." At the bottom was Bakunin's signature. Having received such an authoritative sponsor, Nechayev returned to Russia, feeling himself a true revolutionary. He absolutely did not think about the future and he was not interested in Bakunin's anarchism. Nechaev Sergey Gennadievich was guided only by the postulates of his Catechism, one of which read: "The revolutionary despises any doctrine. He does not care about mundane science. He leaves it to the court for future generations. The revolutionary knows only one science - the science of destruction. "

Unfortunately, Nechayev was able to deceive not onlycomrades-students, the gendarmerie and the Geneva emigrants, but also himself. The young man believed in his own power over the all-powerful revolutionary organization. On his return to the capital, she counted only a couple of dozen green students.

A crime

In 1869, the revolutionary organized a murderhis companion II Ivanov. This fact is described by any of his biographies. Sergei Nechaev did this for the refusal of the student to carry out his order. The young man acted on behalf of the society "People's massacre" with the head center in Geneva, which, naturally, did not exist in nature. Thus, Sergei created a sense of involvement in the common cause. And from him there was only one way out: death. Nechaev, along with his companions, lured the unfortunate Ivanov to the vacant lot, where he was strangled. The corpse of the student tried to drown in the Neva. The crime was committed amateurishly, so the investigators disclosed it in just a couple of months. All the participants were arrested and brought to trial. Only the main culprit managed to flee abroad.

Sentence and death

The revolutionary Nechaev Sergey Gennadevich, biographywhich was presented above, again arrived in Switzerland. The young man tried to resurrect among the Russian emigrants the hoax he had created earlier. The persecutors who hunted him from the political counter-police willy-nilly helped strengthen the revolutionary reputation of Nechaev. But everyone remembered how Sergey deceived Bakunin and tried to blackmail the heirs of the late Herzen. Therefore, the revolutionary could not inspire confidence in the then public. At the end of July, 1872, according to the denunciation, Nechayev was caught and sent to Russia.

The court sentenced him to 20 years of hard labor andcivil penalty. But Nicholas II abolished the decision with a stroke of the pen, deciding to conclude Sergei in the fortress for life. Exactly 13 years after the murder was committed, the revolutionary died in a prison cell, exhausted by loneliness, malnutrition and disease.