How long was the one-hundred-year war?

According to the historical tradition, the Hundred Years War between England and France is a series of consecutive military conflicts that lasted from 1337 to 1453.

It ended on October 19, 1453, the capitulation of the British garrison in Bordeaux and the abandonment of Calais, the last English possession in France.

Prerequisites for conflicts during all thatperiod, how long the Hundred Years War lasted, were already in the distant past, still in the reign of William the Conqueror. When the Norman Duke William in 1066, after winning the battle of Hastings, became the new English king, he united England with the Norman duchy, which was in France.

Under Henry II Plantagenet, the lands that belonged to England in France expanded, but the kings who succeeded him found them too large and difficult to manage.

By 1327 England owned only two regions in France - Aquitaine and Pontieux.

When the last of the French kings ofthe Carpathian Dynasty Charles IV Beautiful died in 1328, the closest male relative was his nephew Edward III English (mother Isabella was the sister of Karl and the daughter of Philip IV the Beautiful).

The French nobility aspired to that,that the throne was taken by Philip of the genus Valois (as King Philip VI), not only because Edward's rights to the French crown were passed on the female line. First of all, he was an Englishman, so he was an unsuitable challenger. Edward III, although he was then fifteen years old, was furious, but he could not do anything.

In 1337 Philip in punishment for the fact that Edwardgave shelter to his cousin and the enemy of Philip Robert d'Artois, demanded the return of Aquitaine to France. Edward in return, claiming for himself the crown of France by birthright, declared to Philip war.

The counts of Flanders supported the claims of the British inperiod, how long the Hundred Years War lasted, because of personal interest - between England and Flanders mutually profitable trade in wool and fabrics was carried out. The Dukes of Brittany and Normandy, united with the British, were afraid of the aspirations of those who wanted to create a strong centralized French kingdom.

In 1340, Edward officially took the title"The King of France and the French Royal Emblem." Modern historians are debating whether he really believed that he could occupy the French throne. But whatever his claims or hopes, it gave him important levers of control in dealing with Philip. Thanks to the project, he could provoke more than one problem, encourage the discontented French people choose a king instead of Philip, to use it as a powerful weapon in the negotiations, offering to give up large territorial concessions to France in exchange for the crown.

In the period that the Hundred Years War lasted,The British won brilliant victories at the Battle of Crecy in 1346, at Poitiers in 1356, at Azencourt in 1415. The starry hour of the English came when Henry V took control of Paris, Normandy, most of northern France. He married the daughter of Charles VI of Mad Catherine Valois and compelled the French king to recognize him as the regent of France and the successor to the French throne.

In 1422 Charles and Henry died. The eighth Dauphin of France in 1429 was crowned as Charles VII, inspired by the victories of Joan of Arc over the English.

Henry VI was the only English king,really crowned as the King of France at the age of ten in Paris in 1431. But gradually the independent territories, which were on the other side of the English Channel, left the British control.

In 1436, the French flooded Aquitaine and tookBordeaux, which was in the hands of the British for three hundred years and was the center of a flourishing wine trade. The deputation of citizens arrived in England in 1452 to ask for help from Henry VI.

All military conflicts, how long the Hundred Years War lasted, took place on the territory of France. It is believed that the population of the country during this period was reduced by half.

Forces of approximately 3,000 men under the command ofJohn Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, moved to France. Talbot was able to return most of western Aquitaine, but in July 1453 the French army defeated the English at Castillon, and Talbot himself, an outstanding military commander admired by both the French and the British, was killed.

When it became clear that there would be no morefrom England, Bordeaux surrendered in October, which marked the end of the war. How many years did the hundred-year war go on in total? It covers a period of 116 years (from 1337 to 1453) with more or less prolonged interruptions. Although after 1453 there was no important battle, the one-hundred-year war ended officially on August 29, 1475, with the signing of a peace treaty in Piquinia between King of France Louis XI and King Edward IV of England.