Republic of Tajikistan: description, economic development, population. Tajikistan after the collapse of the Soviet Union

Republic of Tajikistan - the smallestThe state in Central Asia with an area of ​​142 thousand square meters. km. Until 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union as the Tajik SSR. It has borders with Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and China. The last 25 years exists as an independent state. He conducts close economic cooperation with the Russian Federation.

Tajikistan is a hospitable state thatfamous for its fruit and warm climate. The capital is Dushanbe. It is the largest and most significant city in political, economic, scientific and cultural terms. At the moment it is home to 9% of the total population.

Short description

There are 3 regions in Tajikistan. Sughd is in the north of the republic. The regional center is the city of Khujand (formerly Leninabad). The Khatlon region is the south-western part of the country. The regional city is Kurgan-Tube. The eastern regions of Tajikistan are united in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. It is the Pamir, the largest in terms of territory and the most modest in terms of population. In addition, 3 more cities and several districts have republican subordination.

Nature and climate

The climate is sharply continental. There is no outlet to the sea, respectively, the air is dry, there are dust storms, which often affects the local population. Tajikistan, or rather its territory, consists of 93% of the mountainous terrain. On its territory there are high mountains that are part of the systems: Tien Shan, Gissaro-Alai and Pamir. Because of the difference in altitude, the temperatures are very different. While below in the valleys the heat reaches +50 ^aboutC, above 4000 m often lie the eternal ice and snow. There take the beginning of the numerous rivers.

Inland waters

The largest rivers of Tajikistan are Vakhsh, Pyanj, Zeravshan, Syrdarya, Kafirnigan. They play an important role in the water supply of the republic. They are also often engaged in fishing by local people.

Tajikistan is rich in lakes. In large numbers, they are found in the mountains. Formation of water bodies as a result of landslides. The largest lake is the Sarez and Yashilkul. It is these beautiful water bodies that the region's favorite region is famous for: the Fan Mountains (Gissar Range). The largest of them, Lake Iskanderkul, is protected as a nature reserve. In addition, artificial reservoirs have been created on the Syr Darya and Vashha: Kayrakkum, Farhad and Golovnoye lakes.

Varied vegetation is concentrated onvalleys of rivers and shores of lakes. Basically it is grass and shrubs, trees grow more often solitary, not forming a continuous forest. Only 4% of the territory of Tajikistan is covered with forest.

Population

Tajikistan is currently inhabited unevenly. The total population is about 8.6 million people. Rural areas are more populated than urban areas. And so far there are settlements where there is no centralized electricity, and there are more problems with water.

The state is multinational. Tajikistan is an indigenous population. Tajikistan became the homeland for such nationalities as Pamirians and Yagnobians. Their total number is about 85% (together with the Tajiks). The next in terms of the number of people are Uzbeks (14%). The rest of the peoples are much smaller. Russians in Tajikistan are only about 1%.

The population is very unevenly distributed. For example, the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region occupies 45% of the territory, and it lives in it less than 3% of the total population of the republic.

Economic development

Republic of Tajikistan for Economicindicators refers to poor countries, although the country's potential is huge. The mountains contain many of the richest deposits of various minerals. Their intelligence was actively conducted during the Soviet period in 1971 to 1990. The problem is that the mountainous terrain is complex, the organization of extraction requires considerable investments and good roads.

Roads are a big problem in Tajikistan. The main republican highway Dushanbe-Chanak until recently passed through two passes - Anzob and Shahristan. Now the tunnels have been pierced there, and with the help of the Chinese, an excellent expressway has been made. The passes, which are closed in winter, are no longer an obstacle to communication. The downside of this road is that it is paid, and there is no alternative way. That is why the population of the republic experiences many difficulties during the movement.

Other roads in Tajikistan are in a deplorablecondition. This is a significant indicator of the economic development of the country and, of course, the standard of living of the local population. Many of these roads have not been repaired since Soviet times, they have only pathetic pieces of memories of the asphalt.

The able-bodied population, instead of working at home, goes to work, primarily to Russia. The earned means are spent not on investments, but on everyday needs.

On 7% of the plains, not occupied by mountains, locals grow cotton, tobacco, grain, vegetables and fruits. The share of livestock is not large.

Tourism

Mountainous regions of Tajikistan attract manytourists from all over the world. The highest Pamir peaks, in particular the peak of Ismoil Somoni (the peak of Communism), picturesque, warm and easily accessible Fan mountains, rocks and valleys of Mountainous Mountain are very much appreciated by tourists from far abroad. At the moment, in many villages there are special guest houses where tourists can even take a hot shower, which is very rare in this area. The locals are very hospitable and sympathetic, the majority remember very warmly the charms of life in the times of the Soviet Union.

Tajikistan is a very promising country, it's a pity that while its wealth remains largely only potential, which significantly affects the living standards of the local population.