A sentence with homogeneous predicates: examples. Homogeneous subjects and predicates

In order to make it easier to convey to the listenerthe meaning of what has been said, the homogeneous terms of the sentence are used in the Russian language. Compare: "Shady forest calls a traveler. A shady forest beckons a traveler. Shady forest promises coolness. " Or the same, but filed in one sentence: "Shady forest calls, beckons traveler and promises coolness."

A sentence with homogeneous predicates, examples which you will see in this article, helps to simplify the semantic load, eliminating the need to pile up several syntactic constructions in the text.

Features of the composition of simple sentences

You probably know, than simple sentencesdiffer from complex ones. The former have only one grammatical basis, which, as a rule, includes the subject and predicate (or one of these members). And for complex sentences of such bases there can be two or more.

But besides the above-mentioned ways of expressing thoughts inRussian there are also so-called complicated constructions. That is, those that include, for example, homogeneous terms. So, a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates "This lecture is interesting and informative" - ​​not quite simple. It will be considered complicated in Russian grammar.

By the way, there is still a complication with introductory words or sentences, as well as separations, appeals, etc. We will dwell on the first version of complicated constructions.

The main features of homogeneity for the members of the sentence

But before we start discussing homogeneous subjects and predicates, let us recall the general rules relating to all members of the sentence.

The main sign of homogeneity, both for the main,and for the minor members of any sentence is that in this construction they will be equal, performing one syntactic function, referring to one member in the sentence and, accordingly, answering the same question.

Between them, regardless of the part of speech, there isor a compositional, or an all-union syntactic connection, emphasizing their equality. The first is expressed, as a rule, by the intonation of the enumeration and the composition unions, and the unionless relationship is expressed only intonationally.

Which predicates can be homogeneous

And the secondary members, and the subject, and the predicatein the Russian language, becoming a series of homogeneous, nevertheless can have dependent words (however, the same applies to secondary members). For example: "The girl looked out the window and sighed." In this sentence there are two homogeneous predicates (glanced and sighed), but the first of them is distributed by the addition (in the window), and the second has no dependent words.

Most often all homogeneous members of the sentence -the predicate, the subject, or others - belong to one part of speech, but there are also constructions in which they can refer to different grammatical classes, to be expressed by phraseologicalisms or word combinations.

For example, in the sentence "Andrei joked and laughed to tears," the predicates were expressed with a verb (joking) and phraseological turn (laughing to tears), which does not prevent them from being homogeneous at the same time.

How a number of homogeneous members

For the grammatical unification of homogeneous membersIn the sentence, both the intonational intonation and the unions are used. The latter can be connecting (and, yes), adversive (a, but), as well as separative (or, or). In the example "She either speaks on the phone, or runs to her friends" the main member of the sentence is the predicate - is connected by a separative union "or". And in the example: "This boy is small, but smart" they are joined by the adversary "but" union.

A comma between homogeneous subjects and predicates

The main punctuation rule when writinghomogeneous terms of the sentence is that in the absence of alliances between them a comma is put. Homogeneous predicates are no exception. Examples "The rain whispered, lulled, drove the languor", "Under the sun the drops glittered, shimmered and seemed to be silver" confirm this.

But note that in the second sentencebetween two of the three predicates there is a writing union "and" that excludes a comma. True, this is possible only if it does not repeat, otherwise you will have to pay attention to the subtleties.

When a comma is put in sentences with repeating unions

In the design "And his hands, face, and clothes were covered with a thick layer of soot" homogeneous subjects are connected by a repeated union of "and", and this case already requires you to put a comma between them.

In a situation where the union breaks down homogeneousmembers on the semantic pairs, each of them is taken as a single component from a homogeneous series: "The yelp and screams, laughter and footsteps of the feet were audible through a dissolved window and beckoned into the yard."

Note that homogeneous subjects andthe predicates in this design are connected in different ways: the subject "squeals and screams", "laughter and stamping" are arranged in pairs, and a comma stands between them. And between the predicates "were heard" and "beckoned" there is a composition union, so the comma there is not needed.

The comma is also put in sentences where homogeneous members are joined by so-called double unions (not only ... but ... not so much ... as ... ... if not ..., then ... etc.).

Notice that in the sentence "Snow covered not only the lawn in front of the house, but also hung on the trees with a white blanket" and similar to it a comma in a double alliance is put before its second part.

A comma in sentences with several rows of homogeneous terms

A sentence with homogeneous predicates (examples areyou can see in the article) in some cases has several series of homogeneous terms. They need to be distinguished from designs, where there is only one such series, and between the homogeneous members - repeated alliances.

In the sentence "In this house peacefully lived and notquarrel cat and dog "there are 2 rows of homogeneous members (subject -" cat and dog ", as well as predicates -" lived and did not quarrel "). They are united in pairs by a connecting union "and", which means that a comma in this construction is not put.

A sentence with homogeneous predicates: examples of a colon with the main terms of the sentence

A number of homogeneous terms of the sentence, regardless ofpart of the speech to which they are expressed, can carry words with a generalizing meaning and are equally related to each lexical unit from this series. For example, in the sentence "On the counter bright fruits were poured with fruits: apples, pears, plums and peaches", the generalized word "fruit" carries a generic concept.

If in a simple sentence with homogeneouspredicates or other members of the sentence include a generalizing word, after which a colon is placed. When reading, as a rule, there is a pause in this place: "Mom could do everything: cook dinner, wash, wipe dust and sing songs."

By the way, the generalizing word always turns out to be the same member of the sentence as the homogeneous terms that are under it, since they have one syntactic function.

Examples of dashes under the main terms of the sentence

If the homogeneous series ends with a generalizedIn a word, it is separated by a dash: "And milk, berries, and mushrooms - everything in the village seemed especially tasty." "Her thin hands, curls at her temples, even flowers on her dress - everything caused delight and seemed beautiful" - homogeneous predicates here are separated from homogeneous dashes, because after them there is a generalizing word.

Together with the generalizing word can be usedalso introductory (that is, in a word, namely, somehow, etc.), then a comma is put between them: "No fleeting glances, no sudden flush, no sighs - in a word, nothing escaped his attentive eyes ".

Some cases when dashes are placed

Dashes with homogeneous members can stand not onlyin case of transfer. So, if homogeneous predicates carry a sharp semantic opposition of one to another or a sudden affiliation, a dash is put between them: "I went out into the garden - and froze when I saw the squirrel on the roof of the gazebo." Dash in such proposals emphasizes the surprise, the suddenness of the action: "The Prince met Cinderella - and immediately fell in love with her."

By the way, if homogeneous members do not have alliances with each other, but at the same time express an opposition, they also share a dash: "He is light - he is darkness, he is faith - he is a beast".

How to recognize heterogeneous and homogeneous predicates: examples

If the words are used in the sentence to emphasize the multiplicity of objects, the duration of the action or its repeatability, such sentence members belong to homogeneous ones.

Pay attention: "We sailed, sailed, floated in a thick, impenetrable fog." The predicate in Russian in such a construction is considered as a single member of the sentence.

Can not be considered homogeneous and lexical forms that are connected by the particles "not" and "so" (see, do not look, walk so walk and the like). These stable combinations are not separated by a comma.

Can not be homogeneous members and partscompound predicate, which is expressed by a combination of verbs (I'll go to rest, let's see, take and complain, etc.). The construction with them can not be regarded as a sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Examples of sentences with phraseological phrases (neither give, nor fish, nor meat, and laughter and sin, etc.) are classified according to the same criteria.