The gerund of the perfect form and the imperfect. Morphological analysis

How difficult it is for students who study the course of Russian morphology. Our language is so diverse and sometimes complicated that not everyone can overcome it.

For example, a girlish participle of a perfect species is often confused with the sacrament. How to remember once and for all their features and differences, we will consider further.

Definition of the gerundive

In order to correctly determine which part of the speechBefore us, it is necessary to know about each of the most basic information. First you need to find out what they answer questions. For example, on the one hand, gerunds are very similar to verbs (from them they are formed), and therefore have similar questions with them: "what is doing," "what is done." And on the other hand, they are often confused with adverbs. Like them, gerunds can answer the question "how".

For example: The athlete fled without looking back. To this word, you can ask two questions simultaneously: ran "how" and "what is doing". This is due to the origin of the verbal participles: they simultaneously took signs from the adverb and verb.

If we talk about grammatical meaning, then everything is easy. Being like verbs, they also denote the action of an object, but not the basic one, but the additional one.

For example: Mom watered flowers, singing a song.

The main thing that my mother was doing was watering flowers. But at the same time she sang. However, this is not the main thing, but the secondary action that she did.

Kinds

All adverbial participles are similar in many respects to theirfellow - communion. Both of them have morphological signs similar to the verb. The first is divided into gerunds of a perfect kind and imperfect. Recall that the species is also a verbal sign.

The perfect look answers questions starting with the letter "C": what to do? "Go away" (verb), What did you do? "Flew" (communion), what is done? "Having eaten" (gerundive).

All of them have the meaning of already completed action.

An imperfect species has the opposite meaning- the action is still ongoing, the process is reflected. Verbs - what does? "Walks", what did he do? "Draw", with participles - what does he do? "Decisive", the gerundive - what are you doing? "Playing".

As you can see, all these three parts of the speech have very similar questions.

The types of verbal participles differ in meaning. But they are easy to remember, just ask a question and determine in it the presence of the initial letter "C". If we have a verbal participle of a perfect species, you can easily distinguish it.

Suffixes

As you know, every part of the speech has its ownfeatures in word formation. The gerundive, like the adverb, will never change, has no endings, but actively forms new words with the help of suffixes.

They, in turn, will depend on the species.

The gerundive of the perfect species will be formed from:

• Verbs that stand in the past tense. To them suffixes "in", "shea", "lice" are added. For example: Gathered in a flock, the birds flew south. I wrote the letter and took it to the post office. Bring me a stick, the dog waited for the game to continue.
  

• Verbs that are in the future tense. To such forms, suffixes "a" or "I" are added. For example: After reading the newspaper, the father left the room.

The imperfect type of participle has a slightly different form:

• Verbs that are in the present tense plus suffixes "a", "I". For example: Walking in the park, we admired the beauty of nature. I walked around the city slowly.

It is worth remembering that the gerundive of the perfectspecies can not be formed from such verbs, which end in "-ch": the furnace, take care; "To-go": to jump, to resort, to smell, and also if the stem of the verb ends in a sibilant: I write, wear, knit.

Analysis of the verbal participle

Knowing all the signs of each of the parts of speech, you can start analyzing them.

Let's analyze it in the following sentence: Do homework, be attentive.

Fulfilling is the gerund.

1. Value is an additional action, as it answers the question "what are you doing?"

2. Start form: what to do? Perform (the verb that forms it)

3. Permanent signs:

• Immutability (he has no endings)
• Type (defined by the verb that formed it) - imperfect

4. The syntactic function is a circumstance. It is part of the participial turnover.

Using our advice, as well as an example of analysis, you can easily distinguish between gerunds from other parts of speech. The main thing is to carefully understand the rules and follow them unswervingly.