14 points Wilson briefly. What were the 14 points of Wilson? Analysis of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points

14 points Wilson - these are the theses expressed by 28 US President. They formed the basis for the draft of a peace treaty, the purpose of which was to end the First World War.

One of the great presidents of the United States

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) was 28President of the United States. The first term of his reign, which took place in 1916-1921, was held under the slogan "He saved us from the war". Wilson in every possible way prevented the participation of the United States in the First World War.

For his efforts to end the warand the signing of the Versailles Peace in 1919, Woodrow Wilson was awarded the Nobel Prize. But we must immediately stipulate the fact that the US Senate refused to ratify the Versailles Treaty of 1919. And it turns out that, in fact, 14 Wilson points, briefly presented as a "peace charter", really turned out to be a utopia, as David Lloyd George (Prime Minister of Great Britain) and George Clémenceau (French Prime Minister) characterized them.

Wilson's business card

This great historian and political scientist remained in memorypeople and thanks to the fact that he was the creator of the Federal Reserve. After this fundamental reform of the state structure of the country, the only US money became the Federal Reserve Note. In the future, only John F. Kennedy attempted to print new money.

But there are such documents that remain in thehistory as a visiting card policy. An example is Fulton's Churchill speech, which marked the beginning of the Cold War with the USSR. 28 On January 8, 1918, the US President addressed the Congress with a speech in which he outlined his vision of the war and its goals. This speech remained in history as the famous 14 points of Wilson. In essence, this was the West's response to the completely unacceptable Lenin's Decree on Peace. All countries wanted peace, but the approach to the problem was antagonistic to them.

From world to war

Wilson's 14 points were based on the belief thatthe existing system of the world order does not suit the majority of the world's inhabitants, and the "poison of Bolshevism", an exciting country, is nothing more than a protest against it. The speech to the congress was pronounced at the time of his second presidential term. The US took a decision to take part in the war, arguing that this posed a danger to the country. The US declared with the lips of its president that the essence of Wilson's 14 points is the American peace program, and that they have the right to establish a new world order.

The true essence of the document

But the leading European powers, considering "peacefulprogram "utopia, were convinced that the true goal of the US, veiled by the" struggle for peace "- is the ever-present desire of the overseas power to be a global leader, by eliminating competitors in any way.

And in Soviet political literature this speechwas called "hypocritical", and the definition of the essence completely coincided with the opinion of French and British analysts. All that Wilson's 14 points consisted in was the establishment by the United States of its own world domination, with more than a successful use of the troubles of the countries involved in the First World War.

Hatred, covered with care

In addition, communism no longer roamed Europe, butstepped by leaps and bounds, and the idea of ​​achieving a just peace and democratic reforms attracted more and more supporters. 14 points Wilson - is an attempt to intercept the initiative of the Bolsheviks. If Russia remained in the orbit of imperialism, maybe there would be no speech at all. And although in the 6th paragraph on Russia, it was declared that Germany had liberated all the occupied Russian territories and granted our country the right to choose political development, and the "free nations community" was "welcome" to Russia in its ranks, the further US intervention against the Soviet The republic demonstrated the true state of things to the whole world.

The essence of the first points

The hypocritical essence of the document, called "14 pointsWoodrow Wilson, "later supplemented with 4 principles and 4 refinements, can be understood by going into them. So, what is their essence? The first point was the comprehensive openness of the peace talks.

Any secret, behind-the-scenes interstateagreements and diplomatic agreements were categorically not allowed. The second item provided for unrestricted maritime navigation both in times of peace and wars with certain reservations. The third condition of Woodrow Wilson's 14 points is the removal of any possible barriers to equitable international trade. Of course, between the countries that support the world.

An idealist or an adventurer?

The fourth paragraph in general looked fantastic -general disarmament within the limits of national security. It should be noted right away that the idea of ​​general disarmament was first expressed by Nicholas II, and not by Americans, who, according to their literature for children, flew to outer space first.

The fifth paragraph provided for the destruction of colonialism as such. The sixth, dedicated to Russia, was discussed in the article above.

The purposeful collapse of empires

The seventh paragraph stipulated full exemptionand the restoration of Belgium. The eighth paragraph declared the lifting of the occupation from all French territories and the return of Alsace-Lorraine to it, which Prussia owned for 50 years. The 9th paragraph was dedicated to establishing clear boundaries of Italy. The 10th provided for the broad autonomy of the peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

This document was not ignored by the Balkans -the liberation of Romania, Montenegro and Serbia was declared the 11th point. In the 12th, following the collapse of Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and full autonomy for the peoples entering it, and the transfer of the Dardanelles to international jurisdiction were envisaged. The creation of a free and independent Poland was declared by the 13th paragraph.

Disregard for reality

The last line was devoted to the creationequal community of united nations. Proceeding from the foregoing, it can be argued that the "14 Wilson points" should be briefly described as a "peace charter". One can rejoice over the Americans that their 28 president was an unprecedented fighter for peace throughout the world and deservedly received the Nobel Prize. And the fact that Britain then lived at the expense of India and released it only in 1936, and there was no question of any collapse of the colonial system-such realities were not taken into account.

Sincerity?

Of course, we can assume that Woodrow himselfWilson, sincerely wishing happiness, peace and prosperity to his country, created these largely beautiful theses that formed the basis of the Treaty of Versailles, wholeheartedly believing in their rightness and feasibility. Although this is unlikely. But his friend, the closest adviser and assistant Colonel E. House, in his comments to the document spoke frankly, rigidly and rather cynically about the possibility of their implementation. But it must be stipulated that after the Senate's failure to accept the Treaty of Versailles, after the expiration of the second term, Wilson drastically resigned from politics.

Screen document

So what were the 14 Wilson points? One can also read enthusiastic remarks about this document, he is even credited with establishing the international political sphere.

And why such a wonderful document was notratified by the US Senate? Still, most researchers from different countries believe that the "peace program" veiled the desire of the United States to establish its hegemony in international politics, and each point pursued a definite goal of weakening strong international players such as Britain, France, Japan, Turkey and Italy.

Insidious enemy of Russia

Establishment of a new world order ora unipolar world where the United States will be the chief arbiter of the destinies of all countries - only 14 Wilson points were sent to this, the analysis of which leads to a single conclusion: they were designed to mask the aggressive policies of the States. They needed such a policy primarily because of the victory of the socialist revolution in Russia.