Salavat Yulaev: the biography of the hero (short)

The name of Salavat Yulayev is one of the most famoussymbols of Bashkiria. This national hero became the personification of the struggle for freedom and one of the most outstanding personalities of the peasant war led by Pugachev.

A family

In 1754 in the Orenburg province was bornSalavat Yulaev. The biography of this man is connected with his native village of Tekeyevo. Until now, this settlement has not survived, because it was destroyed during the Pugachev region by the troops of Catherine II.

Salavat came from a certain genus, whose members occupied various managerial positions (for example, the Tarkhan), and also participated in the previous uprisings against the power of the Russians.

The father of the child was Yulai Aznalin. He made a good career in the army. He served as a centurion and managed to visit Poland, where he fought in the Bar Confederation, which did not like Russia's pressure on Rzeczpospolita. In 1766, Yulia returned to his homeland and received the post of foreman of the volost. He was in charge of the order on an important section of the road leading to Siberia.

Conflict between Bashkirs and officials

Salavat's family did not do without conflicts withauthorities and in peacetime. So, his father sued long time with local owners of factories, which took away land from ordinary Bashkirs. In the XVIII century, the Urals attracted the attention of various industrialists who built their enterprises with the permission of the central authorities. The builders of the Simsky and Katav-Ivanovo plants tried to deprive the local inhabitants of their lands. Then, Yulai went to the governor, but could not protect his fellow countrymen. According to the court decision, the losing party was to pay 600 rubles. Such cases did not improve relations between Russians and Bashkirs.

My father did not master the letter, but he was aware of itsignificance. So he insisted that the son learn languages ​​and learn how to write and read. Salavat grew a sense of love for the Motherland and devotion to its people. At the same time, the Bashkir knew Russian well, which was especially useful later when he fought shoulder to shoulder with the Cossacks.

The news of the Pugachev uprising

In 1772, along the Volga and the Urals, there were rumors ofThe fact that the former Emperor Peter III survived after a long imprisonment and collects troops to regain the throne. This man actually was Emelyan Pugachev - a runaway Don Cossack, an adventurer. History of Russia already knew many impostors. So, for example, in the Time of Troubles the country was flooded with rascals, who called themselves Tsarevich Dmitry - the son of Ivan the Terrible. The first of them even managed to capture Moscow (although not without the help of Polish money and troops). The other False Dimitrians were not so fortunate.

Pugachev also guessed with his "confession." In the 1970s, both in the Urals and in the Volga region, there was discontent with power. And it was common among the most diverse social strata. The serfs did not want to put up with their disenfranchised position with respect to the nobles, who could use them as an expendable material. In addition, the serfs had no right even to complain about their owners, which was confirmed even by legislation - by a special decree of Catherine.

In order to develop industry in the Urals,needed working hands. Therefore, shortly before Pugachev's appearance, a decree was issued, according to which the serfs now had to work not only in the land of the master, but also to build factories. They were also called mountaineers' peasants.

National minorities were also dissatisfied, whoseinterests were infringed upon to please the industrialists. Salavat Yulaev, whose biography makes it clear that he also falls under this description, was among those who did not want to put up with such a state of affairs.

Finally, Pugachev relied on the Cossacks. Unlike the peasants, they were a real military force. Their whole life went on in battles or on duty at the border. It was with the Cossacks that Pugachev began his military campaign against the authorities. In September 1773, he besieged Orenburg, the largest city in the region.

Salavat joins the rioters

Yulai Aznalin on the instructions of the governor gathereda detachment of a thousand men to attack the rebels. At the head of it was Salavat Yulaev (he was 19 years old). His biography says that the young man did not yet know what war was, although he had enough skills as a child to become a good fighter. On approaches to Orenburg, he decided to go over to Pugachev's side. At this time the alleged Peter III conducted active agitation. In his letters he pointed to the injustices committed by noblemen and industrialists. Such rhetoric had an effect. Not only Salavat Yulayev and his detachment went over to Pugachev, but also his father. He arrived at his son in the last days of 1773.

Brigadier Pugachev

What further tells the biography of SalavatYulayev? The brief campaign in which he participated (the fighting lasted only a year), made his name immortal, although he spent much of his life in exile. At the first acquaintance with Pugachev, the Bashkir drew the attention of the ataman. He was one of the main advisers of the "king" and led combat operations.

Salavat Yulayev's biographyseveral dozen battles. Most of them occurred in the Urals. So, for example, he freed Katavsky and Simsky plants, because of which his father had litigation with officials. Here the insurrection was particularly strong, as the local population hated the landlords and industrialists.

Salavat won most of his battles. However, even in the event of defeat, he managed to minimize losses. He knew how to withdraw troops from time to time in order to not sacrifice the lives of his comrades in vain. This is the biography of Salavat Yulaev. A brief war taught him tactics. He knew how to take advantage of the advantages that the highlands of the Urals gave him.

One of the main successes of the commander was the capturethe city of Kungur, after which he received the rank of foreman, or general. Pugachev greatly appreciated him. However, the ataman himself was soon captured, having suffered several defeats from government troops. Then the Bashkir decided not to give up, but to continue the uprising in his country. In this struggle is a short biography of Salavat Yulayev. The most important army of the Empress at that time was in the Volga region. The army had to draw reserves to defeat the insurgents. The bravery and courage of the Bashkir is spoken by any biography of Salavat Yulayev in Russian.

Defeat and penal servitude

At the end of November 1774, the governmentthe troops managed to overtake the weakened detachment led by Salavat Yulayev. The hero's biography says that his life made another dramatic turn. He was captured and was under investigation. Not long before that, Salavat's family had been arrested and taken into custody as hostages. Yulai Aznalin also surrendered, hoping to save his son. The defeat of the Bashkir uprising on the Siberian road was one of the last episodes of the peasant war, although its individual centers continued to smolder until the summer of 1775.

First, the father and son were sentenced to punishmentbranding and a whip. In October 1775 they were sent to eternal hard labor. The place of exile was the Baltic fortress Rogervik in modern Estonia. The convicts were carried in a train across the whole country, including through Moscow.

At his new place of residence he spent the rest of hisdays Salavat Yulaev. The hero's biography and the history of his struggle during the life of the prisoner were known to all Bashkirs, who preserved a good memory of him in their folklore. Yulayev spent 25 years in penal servitude and died in 1800 relatively young (46 years). About his life in forced labor, almost nothing is known. His father Yulai Aznalin died earlier, in 1797.

The Bashkir poet

History knows another talent that he possessedSalavat Yulaev. Biography (briefly you can tell about it, but to mention in this case about all the merits of this person will not work), the hero says that he was not alien to poetry. Most of the poems are dedicated to the native land, people, customs and faith of ancestors. Yulayev wrote in the Bashkir language, so his texts are valuable as a linguistic monument. He is credited with the authorship of several folk songs.

Memory of the hero

Today Salavat Yulaev, whose biographyknown to every inhabitant of Bashkiria, is a national hero and a symbol of the republic. In honor of it streets, districts, settlements, ships, etc. are named. In a number of cities there are monuments to Yulaev. His figure was reflected in literature, music (numerous operas and other academic works), as well as cinematography.

The name of the hero is called popular throughout Russiahockey club from Ufa - the capital of Bashkortostan. Local historians and historians continue to write monographs, the object of which is Salavat Yulaev. Biography (a short narrative about this historical personality is present in every textbook on the history of the country, and in Bashkiria it is devoted to individual lessons), this person is worthy of giving her at least a little attention to studying.