Monosaccharide is ... Properties of monosaccharides and examples

Carbohydrates monosaccharides are easily assimilatedsubstances that are very important in the human diet. If you eat a product rich in this substance, then you will be charged with the necessary amount of energy for the whole day.

So, the monosaccharide is a hetero-functional compound. In more detail, consider each species, useful properties and examples.

Properties of monosaccharides

So, what are the benefits of these substances? To begin with, let us single out that a monosaccharide is a simple sugar. Select the following types:

• glucose;
• galactose;
• fructose.

Note that, despite the same molecularformula (C6H12O6), all have different isomers. Proceeding from this, they have different properties, which we will consider in great detail, but before that it is necessary to note the chemical properties of monosaccharides.

Chemical properties

In the monosaccharide molecule, one of three functional groups may be present:

• carbonyl;
• alcoholic hydroxyl;
• hemiacetal hydroxyl.

What functional group containsmonosaccharide, and its chemical properties are determined. A very important feature of monosaccharides is fermentation, which is mainly subject to hexoses. Based on the nature of the enzyme, the following reactions are distinguished:

• alcohol fermentation;
• milky-sour;
• oil-sour;
• lemon-sour;
• acetone-butonol.

Note that the monosaccharide is a carbohydrate, whichunder the influence of oxidation releases a very large amount of energy, so these substances are so necessary for us in life. Let us now turn to the analysis of such monosaccharides as glucose, fructose and galactose.

Glucose

Probably, in his life, every person has heard about glucose and its benefits. It is an excellent source of energy, very important for cellular respiration, necessary for protein production.

Glucose is a monosaccharide that isa source of nutrition for the brain. It is necessary in order to control the mental state of a person, with a deficit of a given substance, he becomes irritable, loses self-control, is unable to make a responsible decision.

As a rule, glucose is not in the product in thepure form, it is part of more complex carbohydrates. When they come with food products to our body, the splitting of complex substances into simpler ones takes place. So our body receives glucose and the necessary energy.

Note that monosaccharides (including glucose)very quickly absorbed into the blood, so they are necessary after training and in the morning. It is worth using not cloying and sweet processed dishes, but to receive the necessary dose with the help of such natural products as fruits, yoghurts and so on.

Fructose

Where is this monosaccharide contained? These are vegetables and fruits, honey and sweetened foods. From where the fructose is located, its useful properties also depend. If you eat natural products, then metabolism will improve, you saturate the body with the necessary vitamins and minerals, which are simply necessary for the normal functioning of organs.

As mentioned earlier, from the source of fructoseits properties depend. For example, take syrup and a natural apple. In syrup, there is much more of this monosaccharide, which is given in a simplified form, but in a natural product it is less, but it is in combination with other necessary trace elements. So, for example, in a can of soda fructose content is much higher, but eating an apple is more useful. The syrup contains only one fructose, and fruits and vegetables contain the necessary substances that help the body better absorb it.

Why then, if the syrup contains moreamount of fructose, it is worth considering to reduce the use of this product? To begin with, an overabundance of this monosaccharide in the body leads to a deterioration in well-being, weight gain, an excess of cholesterol and a decrease in appetite control. It is very harmful to use fructose as a sweetener. The use of such products should be moderate.

Galactose

The first thing I would like to note is thatgalactose, like fructose or glucose, does not occur naturally in pure form. It is formed by the reaction such as hydrolysis of lactose. Where is it contained? Of course, in milk, which is a very significant source of energy for mammals (including humans).

Note that it forms glycolipids andglycoprotein, which are necessary tissues of the body. Why else do we need galactose? Of course, in order for the body to produce lactose. This applies to lactating women. How does this happen, and how to get galactose? To do this, you need to eat foods that contain a large amount of glucose, the body then processes it into galactose, which directly affects the production of milk by milk. As can be seen from this example, all monosaccharides are interconnected, some can appear at the expense of others.

As for the properties of galactose, theysignificantly differ from the properties of other monosaccharides. With it you can control your weight, it is the basis of sports nutrition, as it provides the body with a charge of energy, which lasts much longer. That's why athletes are much more enduring than a person who has nothing to do with sports.

Monosaccharides. Examples

Now consider this important question: where do these substances exist? The main sources of energy and well-being are monosaccharides. Examples of products that contain a large amount of these substances:

• Cereals. If you use them with the addition of sugar, they contain both fructose and glucose. What could it be? Bakery products, cereals, cereals, pasta and so on.
• Fruits and berries. In this category, even ketchup falls into this category, since a tomato is a berry. Here we also include any frozen vegetables and fruits, jams, syrups, compotes, jams and other products.
• Dairy. They contain glucose and lactose, here we will include milk, yogurt, cream cheese, ice cream and so on.
• Honey.
• Sweets.
• Syrups.
• Wines.

This is not the whole list of products thatcontain carbohydrates monosaccharides. Also they are contained in various power engineering, which are very harmful to humans. It is worth giving preference to natural products.