VTsIK - decoding of the abbreviation and functional purpose of the authority

The Soviet period of the history of our country aboundsvarious kinds of reductions that have been encountered everywhere: in the names of state authorities, in party institutions, in the names of specialized objects of law and order and simply in the names of public organizations of different levels. One of them became the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Decoding the name of this body means the scope of its authority and their level.

Creating a new management system

Since the October statecoup in 1917, power in the country passed into the hands of the Bolshevik Party. Their primary task was the formation of new authorities that would fulfill their task of transforming the country into a dictatorship of the proletariat. The head of the party, VI Lenin, having studied the principles of the organization of the power of European states, did not recognize the principle of separation of powers. In addition, he believed that in the conditions of the formation of a new state, this principle can only harm, not allowing in the necessary and short terms to make the necessary changes and properly monitor them. At his suggestion, fully endorsed by party leaders, a special body appears that combines features of both the legislative, executive and judicial powers. So, what is the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the period from 1917 to 1937?

Features of the Soviet model of state power

Initially, his competence extended toterritory of the RSFSR, while representatives of Ukraine, Belarus and the Transcaucasian republics could also be members of the Central Executive Committee. The interpretation of the abbreviation sounds like "All-Russia Central Executive Committee", thereby emphasizing its dominant position among all authorities of the Soviet Republic.

At the end of 1917 in functional authorityThis institute has undergone slight changes: the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was formed, which became the operational division of the committee. Quite often, the powers of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee used completely different authorities, although in the hierarchy they were all below it.

The initiative was intercepted by the Council of People'scommissioners, in other words, the Government of the country. All the decisions of this body had such a legislative form as the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. If you carefully understand, then this is the laws adopted by the highest legislative authority. Comparing with the present, we can say that these are normative-legal acts issued by the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

Structural and functional perturbations

For its rather short historythe committee was subjected to multiple reforms and changes in the scope of its powers, and already at the Eighth Congress of Soviets, the boundaries of its actions were determined by the legislative framework, but after a while the supervisory and executive functions were returned to it. It was recognized that the supreme authority of the country is the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, and in between its meetings - the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Decipherment can be somewhat discouraging, however, the letter "I" designating "executive" actually suggested that the committee takes part in appointing members of the Council of People's Commissars, which was the main executive body of the Soviet government. The Constitution, adopted in 1918, put already at the highest legislative level the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in second place in the organizational structure of the power of the RSFSR, and then the USSR.

Structure and Subordination

The second Constitution, adopted in 1925,finally approved the established system of state power of the RSFSR and the USSR: from this period the Central Executive Committee had several divisions and divisions. The structure of this important institution of the state was three-degree:

Departments (financial, Cossack, propaganda, communications, etc. - only about ten).
Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
Secretariat of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

However, structural changes occurredalmost always: so, in the period since 1923, the so-called Small Presidium began to operate. His organization was connected with the fact that the number of appeals to the Committees of the Committee increased significantly, it became necessary to increase the amount of work. Later this unit is liquidated in connection with the transfer of part of the powers to other institutions of power. At the time of liquidation, the structure of the committee had the following structure:

Secretariat of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.
Reception of the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee.
Financial department, human resources sector and information and instructional group.

Similarities and differences in the authorities of the Russian Empire and the USSR

If we draw a parallel between similarbodies of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, then the All-Russian Central Executive Committee can be put on a par with the royal Senate, the scope of powers and the organizational structure of these authorities was virtually identical with some minor differences. In both cases, there was no separation of powers, and one institution of the state performed a variety of activities, often duplicating and replacing the work of another. In the second case, this has become more orderly. In order to more clearly imagine the cumbersome administrative apparatus in the RSFSR and the USSR, it can be noted that there was also the Central Executive Committee, along with the Central Executive Committee. The decoding of the first from the second differs only in the name "All-Russian", and the functions were almost identical. The USSR Central Executive Committee continued to work until 1938, when the permanent Supreme Soviet, the main authority of the country of the Soviets, was established.