Vasily Shukshin: biography, life story, creativity

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography will findthe reflection in this article was an incredible man, trying to do everything in his life, as if he had a premonition of his early departure. He managed, despite all the difficulties, to achieve his goals and tell people his innermost thoughts through literary and cinematographic works.

Childhood and youth

Nobody expected from the boy from the distantAltai Territory of what he demonstrated to all. Born in the village of Srostki before the war, in 1929, Vasilii Makarovich had to take over the fate of his ancestors and work all his life on earth. But Shukshin was not an ordinary person, he did not agree to go with the flow and allowed himself to dream.

In 1933, his family suffered a terrible tragedy. Makar Leontievich, head of the family and breadwinner, was arrested and soon shot. To save her children from the wrath of the authorities, Maria Sergeyevna gave them her maiden name - Popova.

At the height of the war, Vasily finished the seven-year plan and went to Biysk to enter the technical school. Two and a half years, Shukshin's life flowed measured, and then he dropped his studies and returned to his native Srostki.

Start of work

Not surprisingly, in the late 40-ies of moneyconstantly was not enough, more precisely, simply was not. Therefore, the young man decided to move closer to the European part of the country. Without special education, Vasily Shukshin, whose biography is a story about the life of an ordinary Soviet man, began to work as a mechanic at various factories (in Kaluga, in Vladimir, in the Moscow region). And in 1949 he was drafted into the army.

In 1953, Shukshin was dismissed from the Navyfleet because of a stomach condition. And again he was in his native land. In Srostki he passed the exams for the matriculation certificate, which allowed him to go to work as a teacher. In his field, he chose Russian and literature, but, by his own admission, was not the best teacher. In the same Srostkin school for some time he held the post of director.

But even such sincere work (and Shukshin loved children very much!) Could not satisfy all the young man's ambitions.

Moscow

In 1954, Shukshin, Altai for whom he was everything,decided to go to the capital - to conquer Moscow. Money was not even on the road, so the mother, who in everything tried to support her son, had to sell a wet nurse.

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography isan example of how abruptly the human life can change, in 1954 entered the VGIK on the course for Romm, although originally he was going to the scenario faculty. With success he graduated from the university in 1960.

But even during his studies began his career as an actor. The first work of Vasily Makarovich was an episode in "The Quiet Don", and two years later he played the main role in the film "Two Fedor".

Literary Activity

Shukshin wrote his first stories, while stillsailor of the Baltic Fleet, and they were read by his colleagues. Well, he really took up a career as a writer only in Moscow, when the director of the course Mikhail Romm advised him to publish in magazines.

"Change" in 1958, released his firstedited story "Two on the cart". In 1963, this relay took the magazine "New World". On his pages there were stories "Grinka Malyugin" and "Cool Driver".

In the same year Vasily Shukshin became the author of the book "Villagers", which was published by the "Young Guard".

In the early 1970s a collection of short stories "Characters" was published.

Vasily Shukshin, whose books began to be usedpopular with readers, was approved approvingly by literary critics. Many noted that they had not encountered such sincerity and love for their heroes before. The writer amazed them with his plasticity, vigilance and a vital sense.

Beginning in 1958, Vasily Makarovich published more than a hundred short stories, a fairy tale "Before the Third Cocks", several plays and stories, as well as two novels - "Lubavins" and "I Come to Give You Will."

Vasily Shukshin, whose books area reflection of Soviet country reality, very responsibly approached the literary process. His first novel he conceived in the 1950s. And when I was in the Srostki, I talked with old-timers for a long time, wrote down all family legends and legends. Therefore, "Lubavins" is, in fact, a book about family legends, the hard times of kulaks and collectivization, from which Shukshin's own family suffered. Researchers do not doubt that all the characters in the book have their prototypes in real life.

The second novel of the writer for a very long time was indevelopment. Vasily Shukshin, whose biography was never the subject of gossip, collected material, used archives and museums of different cities, because the hero of his book was Stepan Razin. In it, Shukshin saw the defender of the peasantry, the seeker of justice and the ideal guardian of the will of ordinary people.

The book was published in parts in magazines and only in 1974 it was published completely in the publishing house "Soviet Writer".

Cinema

After graduation Shukshin began to work as a director at the film studio. Gorky. His first film "From Swan's report" he took off, while still a student - it was his excellent thesis work.

In 1964 a film was released, based on Shukshin's first stories, "Such a guy lives." In the same year he won the "Venice Lion" as the best film for children.

In addition, Shukshin played 28 roles. He never had a lack of such proposals, but he tried to devote more time directing. It was for this reason that Vasily Makarovich was forced to act in Bondarchuk's film "They fought for their Motherland". Goskino gave Shukshin tough conditions, and in case of refusal of the role could prohibit the production of a film about Stepan Razin - the same one that the director dreamed of for many years.

Vasily Shukshin's films have always been very special, and the characters in his performance are the embodiment of Russian life.

As a director, Shukshin became the author of six paintings, among them "Stoves-benches", which Vasily Makarovich considered to be his best work.

"Red viburnum"

The 1974 film was the last film directed by the director, but at the same time his first color.

This is another picture of Shukshin about the Sovietreality. It deals with the recently released thief Yegor Prokudin, who comes to the village to his beloved Luba and begins to re-equip his life. He has good friends, a big family ... It would seem that fate is getting better. But old friends in the colony do not want to leave Egor alone, so he has to fight for his own happiness and the life of an honest man.

"Kalina red" - a film that German director Rainer Fasbinder called his favorite painting. The tape received several cinematographic prizes.

It is noteworthy that the film came out almost withoutedits that the Goskino demanded, that is, it turned out to be realistic. And all because Shukshin aggravated an ulcer, and the commission, frightened by the death of the director, decided to skip the cinema without strict censorship.

Films by Vasily Shukshin raise deep moral problems and demonstrate real Russian moral values.

Death

The death of Vasily Makarovich was a huge blow for his friends, relatives, and for the entire Soviet Union.

This happened in October 1974, when Shukshinwas on the set of the film "They fought for their Motherland." He found the lifeless body of his friend actor Georgy Burkov. As it turned out later, the life of a talented person was interrupted due to a heart attack. Vasily Shukshin was only forty-five years old.

A family

The homeland of Basil Shukshin has always been part of hislife, he could not breathe the local air and talk with the people there. It was in Altai that he met his first love Maria Shumskaya, who worked as a teacher. They signed in 1955, but Maria refused to go with her husband to Moscow. And it was her mistake.

In 1957, Shukshin asked his wife for a divorce, butShumskaya categorically refused. In fact, this marriage has never been terminated. Vasily Makarovich deliberately lost his passport, so that in the new one there was no stamp about the unhappy marriage.

Then he married Victoria Sofronova, whogave birth to his daughter Katerina. But this union did not become durable either. Since 1964, he was married to actress Lydia Chashchina, from whom, after all, he left for another actress - Lydia Fedoseyeva.

And the last marriage was for Vasily Makarovichthe happiest, though, again, short-lived, but death itself intervened. Lydia and Vasily had two daughters, Maria and Olga, who became actresses.