Specificity of the form of government of Italy and its history

On the territory of the Apennine peninsula, statehood arose quite early. Long before the onset of our era, on these lands were the ancient kingdoms of the Etruscans and Latins. Forms of government in Italy changed from century to century. Here was the republic, and monarchy. Until 476 AD. Italy became the center of the mighty Roman Empire, whose territories stretched from North Africa to the British Isles, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Black Sea coast. It was during the time of this state formation that the so-called Roman law developed. It still serves as the foundation of modern jurisprudence.

Historical continuity

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the inhabitants of the peninsulaequally felt themselves the successors of a great power. Not only the right of the ancient state becomes the basis of the written Kutyumov (edicts), but also forms of government. Italy as the state does not yet exist, but is greatthirst for unification in the Second Rome. However, the capital of the Western Empire is Aachen, and Eastern - Constantinople. Italy itself was fragmented into many states. And the forms of social and political management are very different from each other - from city communes and republics to feudal duchies and principalities. Particularly distinguished Papal region, on the territory of which the Roman pontiff was not only a religious lord, but also a secular lord.

Italy and the "Spring of the Peoples"

The political fragmentation of the country has becomethe cause of numerous encroachments on its territory by bellicose neighbors - Austria, France and Spain. It also became a target for the attacks of the Ottoman Turkey. By the middle of the XIX century, many territories of modern Italy were captured by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. "The Spring of the Nations" (1840s) gave rise to the Piedmontese statute, adopted under the auspices of King Turin Karl-Albert. This code, later named after the creator of the Albertine Constitution, became the basis of the modern form of government of Italy.

Referendum of 1946

Since the Albertine Constitution couldto be changed by members of parliament, in 1922 legislative reforms were carried out, and Italy became a fascist dictatorship. After the Second World War in a referendum, which was held on June 2, 1946, the inhabitants of the country abandoned the monarchical form of government of Italy. Since the beginning of 1948, the new Constitution of the Republic has come into force, which is still in force.

Modern Italy

The form of government of this country is parliamentaryrepublic. The head of state - the President - plays a purely nominal role. All legislative power in the Republic is exercised by the Parliament. This body consists of two levels: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Italian government - the Council of Ministers - exercises executive power. The Prime Minister is given the greatest powers. The president is elected by the Parliament. His acts are also limited by the counter-sentences of the Prime Minister or the profile ministry. Another branch of power in Italy is represented by the Constitutional Court, of which 15 members are appointed by the President, Parliament and supreme bodies of general and administrative jurisdiction. The form of state government of Italy has the specificity that the deputies of the House are elected by the whole population, divided into districts according to the census and dividing this amount by 630 (the number of seats in this level of the Parliament). Senators also represent 20 regions of Italy.