Population of Tula region: number, density
One of the oldest regions of Russia, Tularegion, has an ancient and interesting history, which happened primarily thanks to people. The population of the Tula region is, on the one hand, a typical picture for the country, on the other - there are specific features about which it is worth talking about.
Geography of the region
The Tula region is located almost in the centerEuropean part of Russia. From the capital of the country, Tula is separated by about 150 km. The region borders on the Moscow, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Orel and Kaluga regions. The area of the region is 25.6 thousand square meters. km. Accommodation in the north-eastern part of the Central Russian Upland determines the flat terrain of the region.
Tula region is located in the steppe andforest-steppe zones. There is a reserve of fresh water in the form of a developed river network related to the Oka and Don basins. Several water reservoirs have been created to provide water to the settlements. However, in arid periods, the region feels a small deficit of water.
Tula region has always been famous for its forests,Today about 13% of the territory is occupied by deciduous plantations. There are few minerals around Tula. These are several coal and ore deposits, including strontium deposits, the development of rich peat deposits is underway, from the 15th century, limestone is mined under Tula.
Fertile soils of the region have long been actively used for agriculture. The population of the Tula region most intensively develops southern black earth territories.
Climatic conditions
The area is located in the temperate zoneThe continental climate, which is characterized by a cold but not severe winter and warm summer. The average annual temperatures are at a mark of plus 5 degrees. The period with positive indicators on the thermometer is up to 220 days a year.
In the area, precipitation is quite often falling to 570 mm. The summer season begins in late May and lasts until early September, the average temperature in July, the hottest month, is +19 degrees.
Winter begins in November, at the end of the same month a snow cover is established. The coldest month is January, the thermometer on average at this time drops to minus 10 degrees.
Fairly favorable, typical for mediumRussia's weather conditions led to the fact that people always lived here. The population of the Tula region is well adapted to its climate and finds it comfortable for living. There is no fierce frost and exhausting heat, the sun shines quite often. All this has a positive effect on the agricultural yield. cultures, as well as mushrooms and berries, which are rich in local forests.
History of the settlement of the region
The first people came to these lands for another 12 thousand yearsback. Here, repeatedly found the remains of parking lots people of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic. Here the aliens from the banks of the Desna River lived, the descendants of the Balts and Vyatichi.
Scientists are wondering what kind of populationTula region considered indigenous? The traditional version has been adopted that most of the inhabitants come from the first Slavic tribes, other peoples are only an additional ethnic composition.
The Vyatichi were an industrious and masterful people,they were skilled in metallurgy, agriculture, weaving. They had to pay tribute to the Khazars, the Kiev princes, so as not to be raided. But periodically, after all, the attacks happened, for the defense was built the city-fortress of Dedoslavl, then Belev with a powerful oak fortress, then Novosil, Tula and Aleksin appear. All these were large and strong settlements. They are repeatedly mentioned by various chroniclers.
In 1380, the territory of thethe famous Kulikovo battle, after which the unification of Russian lands around Moscow begins. The Tula region is becoming an important defensive region on the southern borders of the Moscow kingdom.
In the 17th century, industrial development beganTula lands, powerful metallurgical workshops are built here, in which high-quality weapons are manufactured for the Russian army. At the end of the 18th century, the Tula Province was created, an industrial boom began, which lasted with small interruptions until the beginning of the 20th century.
In Soviet times the Tula region wasan ordinary but significant region. Industry, agriculture are actively developing here, mineral deposits are being developed. In the post-Soviet times, the region begins to develop the tourism sector, and there are several enterprises that provide relative economic stability of the region.
Population dynamics
Since 1897, regular monitoring of thenumber of inhabitants in the region. Then there lived 1.4 million people. Prior to perestroika in the 20th century, the region grew quite steadily, albeit at an insignificant rate. And since the late 80-ies begins a strong decline. So, in 1978 in the region there were 1.906 million people, and in 2000 - already 1.743 million. And the recession continues to this day.
Today the population of the Tula regionis 1.506 million people. The "mother capital" program, which showed high efficiency, did not help to get out of the demographic peak of the region. But many other factors lead to the fact that the region is emptying. The situation of the disaster is kept by the annual arrival of migrants, mostly residents from the CIS countries. Every year almost 3 thousand people come to the region. How many people in the Tula region will be in the future, today experts are not ready to respond, but the administration clearly has problems that need to be addressed so that the region is not completely emptied.
Administrative division and distribution of population
Today, the average density of the population of TulaThe area is 58.6 people per square meter. km. However, there is a clear advantage in the density between cities and rural areas. Over the past 50 years, the number of urban residents has increased by 20%. Today, 1.2 million people live in cities, that is, almost 80% of all residents are urban dwellers. The villages are emptying and dying. Today the population of the cities of the Tula region is distributed as follows: the largest population center is Tula (485 thousand people), other cities are much smaller in number. Novomoskovsk - 126 thousand people, Donskoy - 64 thousand people, Aleksin - 58 thousand people, Shchekino - 57 thousand people, Uzlovaya - 52 thousand people. The rest of the city is even smaller. The smallest city is Chekalin (965 people).
Demographic characteristics
The population of the Tula region demonstrates a cleartendency to aging. Fertility and mortality are falling, the population begins to live a little longer, on average up to 69 years. This is a very low indicator for Russia, which indicates an unfavorable situation in the region.
In the region, suicide rates are high, mortalityfrom social vices is also significant. The ecological situation, which in the region today is not very good, also affects negatively the life expectancy. The demographic burden is 773 people who are not able to work for every thousand employees (in the neighboring regions this figure is 711 people).
Features of the population
The population living in the Tula region,mostly Russian, about 95%. 1% are Ukrainians, other ethnic groups are represented by groups of less than 1%. The main language of communication is also Russian. The dominant religion is Orthodoxy.
