New industrial countries and the rationale for their economic take-off
Today, the newly industrialized countries occupy an important place in the world economy, although not so long ago their economy was typical for developing countries.
Characteristics of NIS countries
They are distinguished by a relatively high level of GDP,the spread of industrial forms of production, a relatively developed sectoral economic structure, the export of manufactured goods, the cheapness of labor. At a higher level of maturity than in developing countries, market relations have risen in these states.
The new industrial countries are, first of all,some Latin American states: Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, which in many respects have already approached highly developed countries economically. They significantly increased the volume of industrial production and the share of industry in the state national income. Significantly strengthened the position of the class of entrepreneurs.
NIS also includes such Asian countries asSingapore, Hong Kong (as part of China), Taiwan and South Korea. Foreign capital plays an important role here, which has a favorable effect on the growth rate of the manufacturing industry. On exports of products in the modern world, these countries are leading among a number of developing countries.
The most developed new industrialized countriesof the world are the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Argentina, Singapore. They are so close to the economically developed countries that they are already on a par with the states of Europe, such as Spain, Greece, Portugal.
From these countries, otherstate of Asia. These include Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand. Here there is an increase in industrial production, although still a significant part of the local population is engaged in agricultural work. The export of products is steadily growing, and representatives of the national capital are steadily strengthening their positions. The newly industrialized countries of Asia, together with the countries of Latin America (Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Uruguay) are sometimes referred to as belonging to the second generation of NIS countries.
New industrial countries in the world economy, the reasons for the rapid growth of economic development
The essence of the phenomenon of NIS is that many of thedeveloping countries, overcome the agrarian and raw material specialization of the economy, forming an industrial complex, debugging an open economy model that can adapt to international economic markets. New industrial countries, such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the state of South Korea, are the core of the NIS. An example of such a successful action of perestroika in these states is the development of new electronic technologies. To implement this activity, there was a need for engineering personnel, a skilled workforce capable of constant retraining, and a well-functioning competitive mechanism in the modern economic sector. By the end of 1980, the "four dragons" were already international exporters of electronic equipment.
The fundamental condition for the success of NIS in the economythere was a dynamic balance of demand for skilled workers, so there were institutes that could realize this task and identify priority areas for training specialists. Equipping with highly qualified personnel is an important factor of high labor productivity in these states. The new industrial countries of Asia are practically deprived of branches of the economy, where foreign capital has not been involved. Export of capital to NIS Asia is carried out in different ways: in the form of loans, direct investments or transfer of new technologies. The NIS of Asia have shown in their experience that the preservation of the ethno-cultural, philosophical, historical roots of society play an important role in creating conditions favorable for real structural changes and social restructuring.
