Bryansk region: population, administration, economy, industry
Bryansk region, whose population is alreadyundergoes the consequences of the negative demographic situation that has developed over the past two decades, is located to the south-west of Moscow. The region is characterized both by developed industry and agriculture, and by frightening scales of the demographic crisis, characteristic, however, for Russia as a whole.
Geography and environmental problems of the Bryansk region
The Bryansk region is located withinEast European Plain. The territory of the region is covered by a branched river network. Minerals lie at shallow depths or even are located directly on the surface of the earth, which greatly facilitates their extraction. On the territory of the Bryansk region there are a lot of forests that predetermined the development of the timber industry and woodworking industry.
A significant problem for the region's ecologyChernobyl disaster, the negative consequences of which affected a third of the region's forest fund. Almost six percent of the region's lands are now protected natural areas.
Dynamics of the population of the region
The Bryansk region, whose population isof the population is 0.83% of the total number of residents of the Russian Federation, is one of the regions where the demographic situation leaves much to be desired. The number of Bryans has been decreasing since the nineties. Variable success in the direction of increasing the number of residents was observed except in 1996-1997, 1999 and 2010. As for the Bryansk region in general: since 1928, positive changes were recorded only in 1970, 1989 and 1993-1995. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has never been a positive natural increase in the population of the Bryansk region.
The majority of the population (ninety-four percent)are indigenous Russians. Also Ukrainians (slightly more than one percent of residents), Belarusians (forty-three hundredths of percent), Armenians (thirty-six hundredths of percent), Gypsies and Azerbaijanis (thirty and twenty-hundredths percent respectively) also live in the Bryansk region. The share of Russians in the national composition of the population of the Bryansk region falls from ninety-seven percent in 1959 to ninety-four in 2010.
The pace of urbanization and other characteristics of the demography of the Bryansk region
Bryansk region, whose population in the majorityhis busy in industry, characterized by high rates of urbanization. If in 1959 the number of citizens living in cities barely reached twenty-five percent, then by 2010 the urban population was almost seventy percent. Characteristic for Bryansk is also the aging of the population and the predominance of the number of women over the number of men - these figures are the administration of the Bryansk region. The latter is particularly clearly seen among the elderly.
Administrative division: cities and districts of Bryansk region
The region consists of twenty-seven districts andfour cities of regional importance, the administrative center is the city of Bryansk. The districts of the Bryansk region, in turn, include urban and rural settlements.
Administrative-territorial division of thisfor a long time the subject of the Russian Federation has been the subject of constant transformations. Thus, the districts of the Bryansk region were formed and abolished from time to time. And the region's lands themselves belonged to the Kiev province, they were part of the Smolensk and Orel regions. The region was formed by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on July 5, 1944.
The largest cities of the Bryansk region are represented by such administrative units of regional subordination:
- Bryansk. Nearly half a million people live in the city. Bryansk is divided into four districts, the urban district also includes the settlements of Bolshaya Polpino, Belye Berega and Raditsa-Krylovka.
- Klintsy. Sixty-one thousand people live in the trade and economic center of the south of the Bryansk region. Employment of the population is provided by several industrial city-forming enterprises.
- Novozybkov. Since the nineteenth century, a small town is an important railway junction, and in the USSR the settlement was the largest producer of matches. Today in Novozybkov lives forty thousand people.
- Selco. Since the thirties of the twentieth century, the settlement began to grow actively due to the construction of industrial enterprises: a plant of defensive importance, a sawmill and a waste mill. Today, the population of this city of the Bryansk region is shrinking, which corresponds to a general trend.
Large settlements (urban districts) are also Starodub and Fokino.
Regional economy of Bryansk region and industry
The structure of the economy of the Bryansk region is largely predetermined by the following factors:
- proximity to the center of the Russian Federation;
- quality and quantity of land resources;
- natural resources, availability of resources;
- the specialization of the region that has developed historically;
- territorial location, proximity to the border;
- the industrial infrastructure inherited historically.
- machine building;
- metal working;
- production of stable materials;
- light and food industry;
- timber industry and woodworking.
The industry of the Bryansk region is represented bythree hundred large and medium-sized enterprises, and seven thousand small ones. In the export of goods, the largest share is occupied by vehicles, equipment, machinery, metals, timber and chemical products.
The significance of the transport complex in the Bryansk region
The Bryansk region, whose population is notonly in industry, but also in the transport and service sector, is a major rail, road, air hub, as well as the intersection of oil and gas pipelines. It is through Bryansk that the shortest transportation routes pass through the capital through Ukraine to Western Europe, and St. Petersburg to the south of Russia.
There is a railway transport in the region. The length of roads on the territory of the region exceeds one thousand kilometers, and by the indicator of the density of the network the region is in the leading positions in Russia. Automobile routes M3, M13, A141 are of great importance. On the international air route connecting Moscow with the capital of Ukraine and Western Europe, the airport "Bryansk" is located. There are also several customs terminals in the region.
Strategy of social and economic development of the region
Administration of the Bryansk region strategicaims to improve the quality of life to the corresponding rate in the Central Federal District and realize the potential of the region. Important points in the development program are attracting investment in priority sectors of the economy, increasing the income level of the population, and actively developing infrastructure (especially energy).
