The water cycle in nature

The biosphere of the planet is represented in the formorganized shell of the earth's crust. Its boundaries, mainly, are conditioned by the field of existence of life. The shell material has a heterogeneous physicochemical composition. The living, biogenic, inert, biocosic, radioactive substance, the substance of cosmic nature, the scattered atoms - this is what the biosphere consists of. The main difference of this shell in its high organization.

The world water cycle is conditioned by the impact ofenergy of the Sun. Its rays hit the earth's surface, transferring their H2O energy, heating it, and turning it into steam. Theoretically, taking into account the average evaporation rate per hour, for a thousand years in the form of steam, the whole World Ocean can visit.

Natural mechanisms form large volumesatmospheric fluid, transfer them to sufficiently large distances and return to the planet in the form of precipitation. Precipitation falling on the Earth, fall into the river. They flow into the World Ocean.

Distinguish the water cycle is small and big. Small is due to precipitation in the World Ocean. A large water cycle is associated with precipitation on land.

Every year, about a hundred thousand people are spilled on the earthcubic meters of moisture. Due to it, lakes, rivers, seas are replenished, moisture also penetrates into the rocks. A certain proportion of these waters evaporates, some are returned to the oceans and seas. Some use living organisms and plants for growth and nutrition.

The water cycle contributes to moistureartificial and natural terrestrial ecosystems. The closer the area is to the ocean, the more rain falls. From the land, moisture constantly returns to the ocean. A certain volume evaporates, especially in forest areas. Part of the moisture is collected in rivers.

The water cycle requires a significant amountenergy. The whole process consumes about a third of the total amount received from the sun. Prior to the development of civilization, the water cycle was balanced: the same amount of water as there evaporated into the ocean. With the same climate, there would be no shallowing of rivers and lakes.

With the development of civilization, the water cycle has becometo be violated. Watering crops helped increase evaporation. In the southern regions there was a significant shallowing of rivers. So, during the last thirty years, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya brought very little water to the Aral Sea, as a result, the water level in it also significantly decreased. Together with this, the appearance of an oil film on the surface of the World Ocean reduced the volatility.

All these factors negatively impacton the state of the biosphere. Suffer not only the southern regions. Serious changes are noted in the northern regions. More recently, droughts have occurred, foci of environmental disasters have been formed. So, for example, in the Western Europe during the last three or four last years in the summer was very hot weather. Although in the past the climate in these areas was very mild. As a result of too much temperature increase, forest fires often began to occur.