Volgogradskaya oblast: edible and poisonous mushrooms, forests, weather

Volgograd region does not shine with diversity andbeauty of the landscape, as here steppe and semidesert landscapes are developed. In connection with this, a program was developed for the artificial gardening of the area in order to prevent soil erosion caused by dry winds.

Forest plantations in the Volgograd region

The weather in the Volgograd region for the most partclear and dry, which is not surprising in a very arid climate, so the weathering of the topsoil is a real disaster for farmland.

For today in the area grows 400 hectaresforests in natural conditions for them along the banks of the rivers of the Volga, Don, Khopra and in the beams. Floodplain forests of the Volgograd region are mainly represented by oak, black poplar and woody-shrubby vegetation.

In addition, during the last 60 yearswork was carried out on the artificial planting of forests, the function of which was to protect fields from dry winds. Not all of them were successful, as the composition of the soil and the species of trees and bushes suitable for it were not always taken into account.

But there were also positive results, thanks towhich today in the region grows more than 200 000 hectares of artificial green areas, some of which is the protection of the soil from erosion, and some - places of recreation for the local population.

Mushrooms - a threat to life?

By the number of sunny days per year, warm springand the hot summer these places are similar to the Crimea, although short and cold winters remind that it is the southeast of the Russian plain. In summer the temperature reaches 38-45 ° C, due to the hot air masses from Kazakhstan, and there is a sharp lack of precipitation.

Although the summer weather in the Volgograd regionarid, thanks to new forests people had the opportunity to engage in the gathering of mushrooms. The only problem that can arise from them is the risk that even in the absence of rains, even edible fungi can pose a danger to life.

This is due to the accumulation of toxic substances in them.the period of drought, therefore, as soon as it rains, and they massively appear from under the ground or on tree trunks, some of them can become as poisonous as grebes or fly agarics.

Collect edible fungi of the Volgograd region should be very cautious and only with the knowledge of this matter or accompanied by experienced mushroom pickers who recognize the danger.

The mushroom picking championship held in the regionencourages people to "quiet hunt," which, in turn, obliges its participants to understand them well. This gambling competition increases the number of professional mushroom pickers among the local population.

Spring mushrooms

Edible fungi of the Volgograd region can bedivided by the time of collection for spring, summer and autumn species, so the most reckless "hunters" give their favorite business the warm season. So, in spring mushroom pickers are expected:

• Chanterelles, which are easy to see in the young Maygrass because of their color from light yellow to orange. They appear first and, as it were, open the "hunting" season. Chanterelles are difficult to confuse with other mushrooms, as they have large hats with wavy edges, slightly pressed in the middle. You can meet them both in pine-spruce, and in deciduous forests, which grow in the Uryupinsk, Olkhovsky and Chernyshkovsky areas.
• After the chanterelles, mushrooms appear from under the grounddung beetles. Depending on the age, they can have a white hat (for young), pink (for mature) or black (for old). Only young mushrooms are suitable for food, which differ in fleshiness and are very tasty, but it will not be possible to prepare them for future use. Harvest should be in May near the compost pits, in the fields and near the vegetable gardens. Most often occur in Surovikinsky, Chernyshkovsky and Alekseevsky districts.

• Mushrooms boletus also appear in May, when allthe earth begins to turn green and bloom. They are easy to distinguish among the grass, as they have wide yellow-brown or reddish hats, firmly seated on a cylindrical leg, which, as it grows, can stretch up to 20 cm in height. Boroviki are planted in aspen forests of the Kletsky district.

Knowing the schedule of each of the species, you can plan a route in advance and go there, where mushrooms are collected in the Volgograd region in May.

Mushrooms in early summer

If the summer was not too dry, thenthe entire Volgograd region becomes the site of the mushroom harvest. Mushrooms at this time grow up massively, so they are followed by experienced mushroom pickers, and ordinary lovers. The latter, unfortunately, sometimes become victims of their inexperience and greed. As doctors of the region note, most of the patients who came to them with signs of poisoning either mistakenly fired poisonous mushrooms, or incorrectly prepared edible.

Therefore, before eating them, one shouldto study mushrooms of the Volgograd region. Edible and poisonous are often very similar to each other, and if there are doubts, it is better not to cook them at all. In the first half of summer mushroom pickers are expected:

• White mushrooms that appear in early June. They are easy to recognize by a large bonnet, which in some specimens can reach 40 cm in diameter. When the white fungus under the cap of the tube gets olive or yellowish color, it means that it is ripe, and it can be eaten. The color of the cap of the white fungus varies from light brown to reddish-brown, and the stem is up to 25 cm in diameter. Massively they grow in oak forests, birch and pine forests of Kumylzhensky, Alekseevsky and Gorodischensky districts.

• Champignons are waiting for their collection at the end of June. This is the most common species, which pleases mushroom pickers in the Volgograd region. Mushrooms mushrooms have excellent taste qualities and are found not only in spruce forests, but also in meadows, pastures, in the Shakinskaya oak forest and in the "Tsimlyansk sands" of the Chernyshkovsky district.
• The end of June and July are a favorable time for oleants, which often grow in the pine forests of Rudnya, Novoanninsky, Olkhovsky and Zhirnovsky districts.

Less common is a giant raincoat, which, by the way, should be careful. It is edible only in white, so when meeting with a brown specimen, it should be avoided.

What mushroom pickers collect in July and August

The second half of the summer is not an occasion to sit at home, as this period meets mushroom lovers with very interesting representatives:

• Mushrooms - large mushrooms with a hat, in betweenwhich has a funnel. They are difficult to miss. Although the Volgograd region is rich in a bumper crop, these fungi should be harvested when they are in the maturity stage. And when rusty spots appear on the light hat of the marshmallow, it is better not to touch them. They are found in pine, birch and aspen forests of Trekhostrovskaya stanitsa, on Lebyazhye glade.
• In August, the mushroom pickers are waiting for the mossgrow in mosses of pine forests near the village of Kletskaya. They have brown hats, which are easy to determine their age - cracks indicate that the fungus is mature. Determine that this is a moss, you can cut it on the pulp, as it is blue.

That's what mushrooms grow in the Volgograd regionin summer. By the way, it is not always necessary to wait for rains to harvest a good harvest. In the beams and floodplain forests, where the soil is moistened, they appear massively and without additional precipitation.

Autumn mushrooms

In autumn mushroom pickers are limited to a small number of species that the Volgograd region offers. Mushrooms appearing in late August and September:

• Poplar rowing (underfloor). Has a semicircular bonnet of brown or reddish hue, firmly seated on a cylindrical leg. It occurs in forests where poplars predominate. In the Volgograd region it is Svetloyarsky, Olkhovsky, Rudnyansky districts.

• Autumn mushrooms, which can be found in large numbers on stumps and trunks of trees, mainly on birches in the Shakinskaya oak, Chernyshkovsk and Surovikinsky areas.
• Zelenushki are delicious yellowish mushrooms with a semicircular cap in young and flat in mature species. They grow in the pine forests of the Kalachevsky district.

This is the harvest the mushroom pickers are offering to the Volgograd Region. Mushrooms grow in almost all forest belts of the region, but there are special places that every lover of quiet hunting knows. and in May.

The best mushroom places in the Volgograd region

The most popular among mushroom pickers are:

• The territory of Tsimlyansk reservoir, where humid lowlands predominate with pine and deciduous forests.
• The Volga-Akhtuba floodplain up to Zubarevka.
• Islands of the Hungry, Money, Sarpinsky on the Volga.
• Pastures and meadows along the Volgograd Reservoir

Experienced mushroom pickers in these places have trails and have their secret glades.

Poisonous fungi of the Volgograd region

The greatest danger for beginner mushroom pickersrepresent false mushrooms. To distinguish them from the real ones is possible only by the unpleasant smell, since the change in the color of the cut from grayish to yellow is of little concern.

Amanita and pale toadstools are rare, but the ignorance of the shelf life of edible fungi can also lead to poisoning.

For example, fungus mushrooms, which are often found on tree trunks, are edible only in youth, and only an experienced mushroom picker can determine their age.

Rules for the safe collection of mushrooms

Mushroom pickers have a number of rules that should not be violated:

1. Collect only those species that are well known.
2. Overgrown or flabby specimens should not be put in a basket.
3. Never try to taste raw mushrooms.
4. Do not collect them near industrial plants or along roads.

Performing these simple rules, you can enjoy both the very "hunting" and the delicious mushroom dishes.