The Naval Museum in St. Petersburg. Museums of St. Petersburg

Since 1709 he began to collect his collectionsnaval museum in St. Petersburg. It was then that Peter I ordered the founding of a Model Camera. This phrase has Dutch roots: model-kammer - model room. Thus, ship models and drawings found their permanent home in a kind of pantry for samples. The reserve was regularly replenished with exhibits on the basis of the adopted legislative acts.

The year 1722 was marked by the publication of "Regulationsabout the management of the shipyard and the Admiralty. "It says that the master who starts building the ship needs to make one half-model on the board, and the other along with the drawing to hand over to the Admiralty College." There are about eighty such models of the 18th century to this day.

Forced development of shipbuilding businessled to the fact that instead of ready-made models, theoretical drawings were provided. The practical importance of the collected collection is reduced to zero, and in 1805 the Model Camera was transformed into the "Marine Museum". In 1908 he received the name of Peter the Great, the current naval museum. Petersburg, the same year 1908: the museum celebrates its 200th anniversary. The exhibition space is considerably expanded and reconstructed. In 1924, the Naval Museum was renamed the Central Museum. This name is still preserved. And nowadays the Naval Museum in St. Petersburg has the same title. Under it, he is known practically throughout the world.

During the existence of the city 2 times - in 1720 and in1991 (after the collapse of the USSR) was called St. Petersburg. The naval museum does not change its name and now, only its propiska changes: in 2011, it is transferred to the building of the former Kryukov (Sea) barracks. It is an object of marine heritage and one of the oldest sights of Russia. The Naval Museum (SPB) is also the largest repository of items related to the history of the world fleet.

Exposition of the central hall

The history of the Russian fleet, from origin to the October Revolution of 1917, is represented in the central hall. It is the largest of all halls that the Naval Museum has in St. Petersburg.

Here there is a boat of Peter I, models of sailboatsand armadillos of the 18-20th centuries. Among the rarities in the hall, you can call the ancient chern and a submarine. It is in the history of construction of submarines - the first, equipped with an electric motor. Also, a significant space is allocated for items and materials, which clearly tell about the participation of the Russian fleet in the events that took place in 1917, as well as in the First World War.

Materials of the Civil War fleet

The period represented by this exposition,covers the years 1918-1922. Here everything speaks about the heroic deed of military seamen during the Civil War and about how foreign intervention was reflected. There are military relics and models of ships. Namely: the torpedo tube from the submarine "Panther", which sank in 1919 a British destroyer, and a 75-millimeter gun from the ship "Admiral Zavoiko" ("Red Pennant"). Among the models you can see a detailed miniature copy of the Mackerel submarine, a model of the destroyer Gavriil and others.

Halls of the Navy of the USSR in 1922-1941.

Investigating the hall materials of this period, you canlearn how the fleet developed in the post-Civil War period. Special attention should be given to the model of the first in the Soviet shipbuilding cruiser called "Kirov". On some stands of this hall you can see the history of the restoration of the fleet captured in the photographs by the workers of ship repairmen and divers. A significant part of the exposition narrates about the events of 1939-1940, which took place during the Finnish war. The exposition presents the personal belongings of participants in the events of those years and original documents.

Halls of the fleet of the WWII period

From the exhibition, which tells about the initial periodGreat Patriotic War, you can learn interesting facts about the defense of Moscow and Leningrad, as well as the heroic participation of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet in the battles of 1941-1942. Also, the exhibits of the hall inform visitors about the liberation from the siege of Leningrad, including the forces of naval artillery. It tells how the Crimea, Northern Norway and the Soviet Arctic were liberated. In the halls of the fleet of the Second World you can see some of the models of military aircraft and ships, models of military equipment.

Victory Hall of 1945

The Naval Museum in St. Petersburg collectedunder its arches unique exhibits in the Victory Hall. There are numerous national flags and banners, trophy weapons and awards. The defeat of imperialist Japan involved the ships of the Amur Flotilla and the Pacific Fleet. In its windows, the naval museum in St. Petersburg placed models of the ships of these military formations as evidence of the direct characters of the events of those years. Particular attention is paid to the feat done by the crew of the C-13 submarine sinking the German ten-deck cruise liner "Wilhelm Gustloff". In the studies of naval historians, the sinking of a vessel of this size is rightly mentioned as one of their greatest disasters.

Museum heritage of St. Petersburg

The first public museums in Russia were opened inSt. Petersburg. The beginning was laid by the Kunstkammer, founded in 1714 by Peter the Great as a "room of miracles". In 4 years the collection of strange things grew so much that the Kunstkamera moved to the building built for it and was open to the general public. In St. Petersburg, one of the world's largest cultural, historical and art museums operates - the Hermitage, whose collection consists of more than three million items of world cultural monuments and works of art from the Stone Age to the present century.

To date, St. Petersburg hasmore than 200 museums and branches, included in them. Peter's museums include military-historical, literary, artistic, palace and park reserves, historical, ethnographic and archaeological and many other thematic exhibition venues. All of them are visited annually by tens of thousands of tourists. A lot of visitors are foreigners: after all, St. Petersburg is the "window to Europe" that Peter I "cut through." It was from this city that the active development of the Russian Empire as a world power began.