What is the name of the named area on the storage medium (on external memory)?

Lessons of computer science are not all given simply. Schoolchildren know a lot about computer games and using the browser. But very few people know the theory. Few will be able to answer the name of the named area on the storage medium. We will try to deal with this issue and examine the subject of research closer.

Question

This article is not only for teenagers whowant to get an answer to your question. It will be useful for other people who either do not know anything, or know a lot about the PC. Still, the formulation of the question "What is the name of the named area on the storage medium" occurs in the control tests on computer science.

In order not to torment those who came specifically forthe answer to this question, we will say right away that this is a file. This is what this region is called on the storage medium. And then we will dwell in more detail on this concept, we will consider everything that is connected with it.

The concept of

So, the file has a lot of interpretations. "Wikipedia" provides a large number of variations on this topic. There may be a question of an area in Portugal, or an instrument of dentists. Under this name there are utilities for Unix or a namespace.

If you are told a "file", then you are certainremember a transparent package for paper, where they deposit an abstract or important documentation. Well, finally, a file is called a named area on the storage medium. Further more.

Variations

It is known that the OS can easily cope with the files. In fact, it is the "operating system" that can call files not only the familiar elements of the system. Sometimes they can be equated with a material domain, a network resource, a socket, a data stream, physical or virtual devices, and so on. Therefore, talking about the file, you need to expand the notion of the customary interpretation.

Historical summary

What is the name of the named area on the carrierinformation, they did not know right away. For the first time this word in his English translation became known in 1950. Then the computer store began to be called a file.

Mention of this has been preserved and documented. There is some advertising in the magazine Popular Science from an American company that has already ceased to exist.

Developers promoted memory by talking aboutthat the results can be stored "in a file cabinet". Under it, just meant the file. The advertisement described the technology of work of the novelty. There was talk about how memory electrically stored numbers and for a long time protected them in the safe.

Becoming

As a result, as we see, the named area on theA storage medium, called a file, refers to memory. Since 1952, the term belonged to a punch card deck. It's interesting that even storage equipment could be called a file, not what's inside. So, if you recall the device of the BM 305 machine, you can find in it a disk called "disk file".

Technologies have evolved. There were systems that first talked about the file system. This all was implemented in the following way: several virtual devices were placed on one storage device. After that, the "file" acquired a modern meaning. Immediately came the understanding of how the named area is called on the storage medium. And the file itself was composed of two names. The first was basic, the second indicated expansion.

Development

Technology evolved, and with them the system. They became more and more files. To make it easier to work with them, there is a need for structuring. All this influenced the development of symbolic names.

Initially, everything worked as a solid array,attributable to one of the media. Now structuring has led to the emergence of tree-like technology. Thanks to it, you can embed or mount connections. The named external memory area has acquired a path characteristic. It consisted of several nodes of the tree, placed sequentially as they passed to the desired "point of arrival".

Name

Like any physical or virtual object has its own properties, the file is also endowed with special characteristics. So, a lot can say a name.

In almost all cases, the name indicateson the file being accessed. There are a number of limitations, which depend directly on the file system. For example, FAT16 and FAT12 allow using only 8 characters for the main name and three for the additional extension.

In other cases, formats are limited to255 bytes If you look at NTFS, then this figure is 256 Unicode characters 1. Naturally, these are not all restrictions that may affect the name. There is a ban on the use of certain characters.

Windows does not allow to use in nameslash and forward slash, asterisk, question mark, colon, quotes, and angular brackets. GNU / Linux has much less forbidden characters: right oblique slash and null character.

Almost all operating systems require unique names.each file. Although when working with tape drives, the same name is valid. Some file systems allow you to leave untitled documents. Usually such a named area of ​​external memory of arbitrary length is considered temporary. The advantage of this type can be considered the absence of name conflicts.

Expansion

Another property file. It is considered an independent attribute and is located in each file system of different operating systems. It is necessary in order to understand what type of document is in front of us. The system sees the second name and independently determines the program that will help open the file. Windows hides the extension from "users". It can be found by clicking on the file properties.

Attributes

A named data area is a file. Among its properties are attributes. They are not available for all file systems. But the example of the most common NTFS is easy to learn. There is an attribute "read only", which prohibits making adjustments to the file. “System” indicates the importance of the document and the fact that working with it affects the system.

The "hidden" is hidden from the user. "Archive" appears automatically. This happens if the file was changed after the backup, but not returned back to the system.

Other properties

In addition to the above, the file may have timestamps indicating modifications. Some file systems may assign an owner or group for a specific document.

The properties also include access rights. Some files may have content restrictions. The OS can set write, read or execute access. Each of these options depends on the status of the user. There is an option to install advanced rights sharing.

conclusions

You already know the name of the named area. There is much more to say about the file. But all of the above is the basis that it is desirable to know to anyone who wants to at least a little understand computer science.

To all this, you can search for information about the typefiles or about working with them. There is also a difference in the implementation for different systems. By the way, it is known that it is still impossible to give an absolutely accurate definition of the file. It is caused by the fact that, depending on the operating system, it may have different attributes, properties and access.