Concept and main types of computer architecture.
In the 1960s, leading programmers beganto develop the newest design, which includes a combination of hardware and software interaction and which has given rise to the definition of computer architecture. The architecture of the computer has become an important detail in the computer world and remains so until now.
Concept and main types of computer architecture
The architecture of a computer is a multiple symbiosisjoint operation, configuration and interconnection of the main logical nodes of the computer. This symbiosis serves to fulfill the tasks posed by the user and cover several factors that combined to create hardware and software, where the main stress is on generalizing the connections and principles inherent in different modifications of computer technology. For example, in the production of machinery, the main components of the equipment and its functionality may be the same, but the individual samples have a significant difference in price, speed, and productivity.
During everyday work of any userto a large extent, not only the efficiency and speed of the machine, but also its ability to solve certain tasks. As a result, the aggregate of these requirements of consumers has led to a significant development of the computer element base, which is characterized by greater reliability and convenience in work. It is necessary to take into account that the increase in the speed of performance of individual elements is not unlimited, which is why leading experts see the solution of this issue in the modernization of computer architecture.
As a result of modernization of computers, powerfulcomputers with a multiprocessor architecture that allows simultaneous operation of several processors. And, the more powerful the computer, the more in its work the processors are involved.
Main types of computer architecture
The entire computer system divides the types of computer architecture into three groups, due to the number of command and data streams, consider them:
- The founder of classical computer architecture1 st and 2 nd generation was John von Neumann, who formulated the basic principles of consistency. This group includes uniprocessor systems, in one case having a single data stream (SISD), and in the second one - a multiple data stream (SIMD). These types of architecture are due to a single vector stream of commands, while the very data streams are numerous.
- The next group, which includes speciesarchitecture - MIMD. It is a multiprocessor system with multiple command stream and the same data stream. This architectural system is mainly used in modern super-computers.
- And the last, third kinds of architecture - MISD,representing one program with a lot of data. Unfortunately, MISD has no practical significance. This kind is not considered a computer architecture, but a form of parallelization of programs. It means the simultaneous execution of two or more copies of one program in different processor modules with different data.
It is worth considering such an important directionthe development of computer architecture, as a machine of data flows. In the 1980s it was assumed that the prospect of high computer performance is directly related to the controlled data flow of the computer, in which these streams are capable of executing several commands, while the types of computer architecture considered above have computer systems controlled by the commands. In today's production, only a few elements of this approach are adopted that are used in microprocessors, containing many synchronously operating functional units waiting for the operands to be ready.
