In the Ramenskoye district of the Moscow provincespread "Gzhel bush" - twenty-seven primordially Russian villages, randomly located among forests and fields. In them, the fabulous blue and white art of the Gzhel painting originated. Folk art, deep and traditional. There are only a few famous art crafts in Russia: Khokhloma, Zhostovo, Fedoskino, Gorodets and Gzhel paintings. Khokhloma painting is an artistic drawing of wooden trays and various wooden products. Zhostovo painting is a drawing on metal trays. The technique of painting Fedoskino, much more complex, is based on the use of a layered light-reflecting ingredient. Gorodetsky painting is drawing of drawing on a thin wooden basis. It is akin to the technique of icon painting, but the stories are mainly used purely worldly.
And, finally, Gzhel painting is a drawing of a bright blue cobalt paint on raw white porcelain with subsequent glazing and roasting.
Gzhel land is poor in chernozem, it is barrenand it is difficult for a person to feed on her. People tried and tried for decades, plowed the land, sowed. Seven pots came down with plowmen, but all in vain - the land did not give birth. And the whole point was that immediately under the upper layer of the earth a white clay lay endlessly wide, endless and wide, deep and wide. How is wheat born here? The Gzhel people thought about it, thought, and threw it in the ground to dig. I began to mine clay and raise the pottery.
In Gzhel, every second person is capable ofto "rukomeslu" - at least to build a barrel, even a clay jug. And it went. At first, several small artisan artels were created, then pottery was organized a little larger, the dishes began to be produced. And the dishes should be beautiful, then the painting is needed. In a short time there were artists. At the same time, the clay has learned to distinguish. The highest grades, pure white, were sent to Moscow by apothecaries for the manufacture of medical utensils. The clay was easier for faience, plates and bowls, and the most white, porcelain, was used for products in the classical style of gzhel, the painting of which was so beautiful that it captured the spirit.
They say tea from Gzhel's cup of tasteunique: you will drink ten cups, and still it would be desirable. Gzhel painting is called so because its name went from the word "stitch" - it means "burn", "burn". Well, a Russian person likes to translate letters in words. If someone says the word "omnibus", then you will definitely get a "hug". So they moved it: the string became gzhel. In 1812, there were already 25 factories in Gzhel bush that produced high quality dishes. Along the way, the workshops produced toys, decorative handicrafts and sets for festive tea drinking. Clay, different varieties and a few shades, enough for everything.
However, in the middle of the XIX century gzhel productionbegan to decline, in part because there had already been a lot of dishes, or maybe just a period of calm, as it sometimes happens with large plants. But the crisis did not affect art production. Gzhel painting is still in demand. Recently, specialized educational institutions have been established, the graduates of which are replenishing the ranks of masters of porcelain, artists and designers. Gzhel painting, pictures of which never repeat, is now flourishing again, delighting with the unique coloring of its products.
