Synthetic Accounting

In accounting, there is such a thing as synthetic accounting. What is its essence?

Synthetic accounts include those that reflectonly generalized indicators of all accounting objects. Accounting in this system of accounts is called "synthetic accounting". All data here have only monetary expression.

Analytic accounts include those thatopen to the development of synthetic accounts and the accumulation of certain data. Such an account in this system of accounts is called "analytical." In this system, calculations are carried out both in value terms, and in labor and natural meters. The recording of business transactions is made only on the basis of the primary documentation. The data of this account are the basis for specifying the data on which synthetic accounting is based. The accumulation of information is made on the cards of accounting (materials, fixed assets, creditors, debtors), in the statements (payment, settlement, materials, balance), in barn books. All information is grouped, accumulated, and the results obtained are reflected in generalizing logs, orders, machine records, and the General ledger necessary for the conduct of synthetic accounting.

On displaying the movement of analytical meansaccounts are recorded in value and in kind. On the same accounts, which reflect the movement of sources of any economic means, only the monetary value is recorded.

Analytical and synthetic accounting are closely relatedbetween themselves. Thus, the amount of the initial and final balance, debit and credit turnover of any of the analytical accounts is equal to the sum of the initial and final balance, debit and credit revolutions of any synthetic account.

Analytical accounting formeans. Several complex synthetic accounts without intermediate groups are directly related to analytical accounts. Such an accounting system does not always make it possible to obtain the necessary indicators, since there are among the synthetic accounts that consist of a whole group of analytical accounts.

Among the set of data necessary for conductingaccounting, one of the most important is the information on fixed assets. The most common form of information carrier about them are inventory cards. Synthetic and analytical accounting of fixed assets is performed by persons who are responsible for their safety at the location (materially responsible persons).

Analytical accounting at enterprises is conducted on the basis ofdifferent inventory objects. On the front side of the inventory card indicate: number; year of construction or construction of the object; number and date of the certificate of admission; location; initial cost; the norm and the amount of depreciation; information on internal movements; the reason for leaving. On the reverse side, information on costs and the date of completion, additional equipment, modernization, reconstruction, repair work, a brief description of this object are indicated.

Inventory cards are often used for group accounting of similar items, which have the same characteristics, cost, purpose, and also came into operation simultaneously.

Synthetic accounting is carried out on account 01,which is called "Fixed Assets". It is designed to reflect generalized data. This account reflects information about all objects in operation, lease, stock, trust management, conservation. In addition to this account, synthetic accounting is maintained on the following:

- 02 "Depreciation".

- 08 "Investments in non-current assets".

In the debit account 01 reflect the balance at the balance sheet date and the acquired fixed assets. Their retirement at their historical cost is credited.