Soft tiles: self-assembly technology. The technology of installing soft shingles "Shinglas", "Tegola", "Doke"
The construction of any house always includes erectionRoofs and installation of roofing, providing a reliable and long-term protection at any time of the year. Constant technological progress provides consumers with a wide range of roofing materials.
Many of them successfully combine practical andAesthetically beautiful solutions created centuries ago, with the latest scientific developments. This is most clearly demonstrated by soft shingles, the technology of installation and its wide possibilities is a consequence of the achievements of modern developers, and the unique appearance is the merit of the builders of medieval Europe.
Soft roofing or bituminous shingles is a modern material that is used to cover the roof and consists of glass wool, bitumen and stone granules.
History, species and composition
Despite the fact that the first bitumen shinglesappeared at the beginning of the last century, the mass distribution, it was only in the middle of the century in America. First of all, due to the shape with three petals, as a result almost every second house was covered with such a roof.
An interesting fact is related to the name. The technology of installation in all countries is almost the same, but in America the word "shingle" is used more, by analogy with wooden boards for roofing, and in Europe, as before, "shingles".
Modern production technology, whichincludes the use of a tear resistant fiberglass fabric, modified, with additives from bitumen polymers and basalt coating, has led to the creation of a universal roofing material.
Advantages, disadvantages and scale of production
The use of any roofing isits pros and cons. The soft shingles are no exception. The installation technology, high performance and a wide range of colors distinguish it in a number of other coatings.
Among the main advantages are:
Absence of moisture absorption, which automatically excludes destructive processes and provides reliable waterproofing;
resistance to any temperatures;
not exposure to ultraviolet radiation, in particular the absence of melting at high temperatures;
good tolerability of almost all mechanical effects;
lightness and flexibility.
One, but a significant drawback istotal cost of works. When soft tiles are used for the coating, the installation technology includes an obligatory solid foundation, which is usually made from plywood or OSB boards. Even if a board is used, very strict requirements are imposed on it for thickness and location on the surface. Annual rings must be directed downwards.
Today, production is carried out in manycountries of the world, mainly in America and Russia. From domestic manufacturers are allocated "Shinglas" ("Technonikol"), "Rufleks", "Dock" and "Tegola" (together with Italy), occupying more than 80% of the market.
Terminology and materials
The technology of installing soft shingles for eachmanufacturer has its own nuances. But the basic stages of all the same. To better understand the technical information contained in all instructions, it is necessary to understand both the terms used and the main materials used.
Any element of the tile consists of several conventional parts:
visible surface;
places of overlap;
cutout;
adhesive strip;
the petal.
Roofing usually includes:
pediment and cornice eaves;
valley or inner corners at the junction of two rays;
Ribs and fractures, which are places of joints of two different surfaces.
Laying of the coating is done after the preparation of the roofing structure, including hydro and steam insulation, insulation, if necessary, as well as mandatory space for ventilation.
The technology of installing soft tiles involves the use of several mandatory materials:
roof tiles and universal starting, used for cornices and skates;
lining base (carpet), which can be of several types;
lining base for valleys;
metal bars for eaves and ends, as well as for abutting, for example, a pipe;
ventilation elements;
Mastic based on bitumen and polymer additives, allowing to work without preheating;
roofing nails.
Preparation of the base of the roof and ventilation
When soft roof tiles are used for roofing, the self-assembly technique requires strict execution of all steps contained in the instructions for use.
The first stage is always preparationroof surfaces for laying roof tiles. For this, you can use plywood, OSB slabs or edging boards, which are better fixed with screws. The thickness of the base is determined by the distance between the rafters of the roof structure and is calculated according to the table below.
| Distance between rafters, mm | OSB, mm | Plywood, mm | Board, mm |
| 300 | 9 | 9 | - |
| 600 | 12 | 12 | 20 |
| 900 | 18 | 18 | 23 |
| 1200 | 21 | 21 | 30 |
| 1500 | 27 | 27 | 37 |
A clearance of up to 5 mm is left for the board. In cold weather, it is necessary to have a gap of at least 3 mm for a possible expansion under the effect of temperature in the summer. The resulting surface must be flat, rigid and solid.
Properly made ventilation has an inflowAir, space above the heater and exhaust ducts. At the same time, the area of the outlets should exceed the incoming ones by 15%. Often, the eaves are sewed with finishing material, without holes for the inflow, which is a gross violation.
Installation of cornices and lining base
To demonstrate the basic stages of installation, for example, the technology of installation of soft shingles "Shinglas", which occupies more than 40% of the Russian market, is used.
On a prepared basis around the perimeterfixed special metal cornices, often called droppers. They are installed with an overlap of up to 50 mm and are fixed in steps of up to 150 mm in a zigzag pattern. At the joints, the pitch is reduced to 30 mm.
After that, the installation of the lining base begins, having small differences for ramps with different angles.
For the ends and cornice eaves is usedRoll material covered on one side with adhesive composition, which is attached to the roof surface and must be installed along the entire perimeter of the cornices, not reaching the 30 mm bar.
In the valleys, it fits in 500 mm for eachside, along the cornices over the entire width of the overhang and additionally by 600 mm inside the roof. The overlap horizontal is made 100 mm, vertical - 150 mm. To increase the reliability, the base is fixed around the perimeter with nails in steps of no more than 250 mm.
For the rest of the roof surface,a common underlay base, which is laid upwards parallel to the cornice and fixed with nails. The places of lapping are additionally treated with mastic not less than 100 mm.
On the ribs, skates and skate fractures the baseFits 500 mm on each side, that is, the entire width. For the pediments and along the joints with the walls, only half the roll is used, equal to 500 mm.
At the end of this stage, the front strips are installed, which protect them from wind and moisture. They are fixed with nails in steps of no more than 150 mm.
Mounting protection of the valley
The Endowa is the most vulnerable place in the wholestructure. In addition, during the repair you have to disassemble two roof slopes at the same time. Therefore, when installing the shingles, special attention is paid to it.
After installing the entire backing layerit is necessary to separately make protection of the valley. To do this, a special lining with a width of 1000 mm is applied, which is laid 500 mm on each side over an already fixed base with an offset of up to 30 mm.
The edges along the entire perimeter are smeared with a mastic with a width of at least 100 mm. After gluing the entire perimeter is additionally fixed by nails no further than 30 mm from the edge in increments of 250 mm.
If it is not possible to make the base solid, the width of the overlap should be at least 300 mm, with obligatory blurring with the mastic of the entire area. It must be placed as close as possible to the top.
Preparation for laying and installation of the starting strip
Soft roof has its subtleties caused bystructure and features of production. To work simultaneously, several packs are used to avoid concentration of one shade. For the same reason, when soft tiles are used, the installation technique in winter requires working with only a few packs that are taken from a warm place.
Before installation, it is recommended that they be shaken and bent several times. Strongly it is not desirable to use packs from different lots.
On the lining base it is recommended to apply withUsing a paint netting mesh that will facilitate the installation process. The horizontal distance corresponds to the size of 5 rows of tiles, the vertical is 1000 mm or the dimensions of one shingle. This will quickly make alignment or simplify the task if an additional element is present in the roof.
Installation begins from the bottom of the center of the ramp. For the starting strip, a special universal element or ordinary ordinary tile without petals is used. They are installed on the adhesive back side and fixed by 4 nails along the perimeter at a distance of no more than 30 mm. If a trimmed tile without a glue base is used for the start, it should be smeared with mastic.
Installation of shingles
The installation is cut out indented 10mm from the starting element. The tile is fixed with nails along the allocated place. For stingrays with an angle of up to 45 °, 4 nails are used, which are fixed at 25 mm from the edge and the visible area, which allows two elements to be fixed simultaneously. For 90 °, the number of nails is doubled. Depending on the shape of the petal, different styling options are possible, allowing both chaotic patterning and orthogonal drawing.
In the valleys, the locationThe trough, which recedes 300 mm in each direction, defines the zone where nails do not break through. The tile is cut to the required size and must be fixed with nails and mastic. Near to the valley the upper corner is cut off for water retreat.
On the pediments the tile is fixed not reaching 10mm to the edge with the required cutting of the upper corner, as in the valley. Fixation on the edge is carried out using a mastic, which is applied by a layer of not less than 100 mm, and nails.
Pipes, ventilation and skates
For fastening to a pipe the liningbase for valley or metal with anti-corrosion treatment. The material is put on the pipe by 300 mm and on ordinary tiles by 200 mm with obligatory blurring of the entire area with mastic. After that, the shingles are fixed on it, forming a trough 80 mm wide. The top is closed with metal bars, after which it is treated with a sealant.
Ventilation or other process elementsThey are mounted using special elements fixed on the roof surface with the help of mastic and nails. After that, the shingles are fastened around them.
The horse is closed by a special profile, whichis fixed with nails, then, together with the ribs, it is covered with ridge tiles of the same color. To obtain it you can cut it into three parts of the ordinary ordinary. Installation is made from the bottom up with an overlap of up to 50 mm and is fixed by 4 nails.
As you can see, soft shingles, the technology of mounting on the photo above and below confirms this, is a practical and convenient material that is deservedly popular.
Features of tiles from different manufacturers
The technology of installation of soft tiles "Tegol" practically does not differ from "Shinglas". The main difference in the form and name of the elements used during installation.
Another producer, "Doke", distinguishesan integrated approach to all materials for roofing, which, in addition to the coating, includes a heater, vapor barrier and ventilation ducts. The technology of installation of soft tiles "Doke" has all the main stages inherent in the first two manufacturers, differing from the absence of a special coating for problem areas and individual color solutions.
Whichever tiles are chosen, all of them are distinguished by high quality, affordable cost, warranty and detailed instructions that answer all the questions during the installation and operation.
