The drill is ... Diamond drill. Screw auger

For a long time man has enjoyed all the benefitsnature, including terrestrial subsoil. At first, the most primitive tools were used to work with the earth: a pickaxe, a shovel, etc. With the progress of progress, human needs increased, and more sophisticated equipment was needed. Now, to drill the deepest well for water and oil production is not a problem. This is done with the help of special equipment. Here a drill is used. This device, which by means of a rotation makes a depression in the ground.

Drilling History

Any tool has a past. Boer is an ancient thing. Archaeological excavations show that another 25 thousand years ago it was used to drill holes in various primitive devices.

Ancient Egyptians used pyramids for constructionrotary drilling. In China, the well-known Confucius today mentioned the drilling of wells in 600 BC. e. Their depth reached 900 m. And this, in turn, indicates a good level of development of this technique even then. It is known that in Russia drilling began to develop in the IX century. Basically, it was used for the production of table salt.

Of course, the first drilling technologies wereprimitive and imperfect. Well walls often collapsed and collapsed. To avoid this, various anchorages were laid inside: hollow tree trunks woven from bark or sheet iron pipes, etc.

There was one more significant problem - the remainsrocks during drilling had to be constantly raised upward. To do this, the earth bur was stopped and the used material was lifted. All this has hampered the process. But in 1846 engineer Fauvel proposed an effective solution to this problem. To do this, we began to use the washing wells. From the surface of the earth, ordinary water was pumped through special pipes, carrying the rock upward. This method has become particularly popular, since it provided virtually uninterrupted operation of the drilling rig.

As for tools, initiallyThe process was carried out by a special chisel, driven by a downhole motor. In addition, the structure included pipes that transport water and rock.

The modern type of electric drill was formed in 1938. Created by his domestic engineers, Alexandrov and Ostrovsky.

Types of Boers

The tool, which has such a long history and wide scope of use, has many modifications.

Depending on the design, all boraxes can bedivided into mechanical and electrical. In this case, the first is activated by the power of a person, and the second needs the energy of the current. The electric drill consists of an electric motor, a screw and a handle. The advantage of a mechanical tool is that it is completely independent of any power source. Therefore, it is more mobile and cheaper. In addition, this construction has a homemade drill.

Depending on the structure distinguish:

• Bur-chisel.
• Boar spoon.
• Coil.
• Bailer.

The garden drill manual can also be divided into:

• Auger collapsible tool. It has the same construction, but consists of separate parts. It is convenient to transport and store.
• Screws not folding. One of the most common. Works only with a fixed depth of wells.
• Ring undivided drill.

Scope of the tool

A modern drill is a device for destroying various rocks during the construction of depressions of a cylindrical shape.

Drilling wells is simply necessary for exploration and search for various minerals. Also, a drill is required for direct extraction.

There are several other areas that require the use of such drilling:

1. Production of blasting operations. With drill holes are made of the necessary depth and diameter. Here, pre-prepared explosives and catalysts are laid. In order for the process to be directed, a very clear and cautious calculation is necessary.
2. Laying various underground utilities. This is directly the telephone connection, electricity and much more. Through the holes made, they are fed almost to any depth. This is especially important for the construction of the metro, the life support of mines and mines.
3. Excavation of solid minerals. For such cases, a special diamond drill is most often used. With such a tool a hole is made, from where the necessary rock is carefully removed.
4. Dehumidification of wetlands. This is done by means of drainage. With the help of the drill, many holes are made through which the water leaves by itself. This method has been used since ancient times.
5. Artificial fixation of rocks. Usually this is done at a depth of 30 m. The primers are fixed by means of tampon injectors, which are installed with the help of drills.

Classification of drilling rigs

It is known that for more effective workit is necessary to use special tools. But in very complex industrial cases, whole complexes are used. Therefore, man learned to use the drill as the basis of the whole production line. In this case, tools can not only be bought, but also built independently.

Depending on the type of drilling, there are:

1. Percussion instruments. This, for example, is a drill bit made from a particularly hard metal. Most often used for super strong rocks.

2. Rotary tools. A spiral drill is used here. This device is used for softer or friable rocks.

3. Combined drills. Combine the positive qualities of all instruments.

According to the nature of the destruction of rocks:

1. Continuous drilling. In this case, destruction is carried out over the entire area of ​​the face.

2. Column drilling. Used often in research. The breed is destroyed solely by the ring.

By the type of working tool, the drilling mechanisms are divided into:

1. Crushing-shearing. For this, special teeth are provided in the tool.

2. Cutting-shearing. They work on the basis of blades.

3. Cutting-abrasion. Diamond and hard-alloy parts are used here.

By the way of impact on the rock:

1. The mechanical drill. The principle of operation uses both rotational and shock technology. A classic example is a bur for pillars manual. It is indispensable in the country and in a private house.

2. Non-mechanical drill. This is a hydraulic, electrophysical or thermal tool. To date, such devices are not widely used and are at the stage of development and improvement.

Drilling equipment of the USSR and Russia

Quite a long time indomestic history falls on the Soviet period. It was then that industry, science and agriculture received the greatest development. The legacy of these times is still used in many industries. And some samples are still a pride of the domestic industry.

The history of our drilling equipment includes such installations:

1. BKM-303. This machine is used to install various supports and piles in frozen soils. The diameter of the drill is about 80 cm, load capacity up to 1.5 tons.

2. BM-251. This prototype was introduced in 1969. Its purpose is to prepare wells for explosions. The drilling depth of these machines is 2.5 m. The device consists of 2 working elements with a diameter of 1.1 m.

3. Mounted drilling equipment. This mobile unit was first released in 1982. Purpose - drilling in frozen ground.

4. Thermomechanical drilling machine. This is an experimental sample for subversive work.

5. BM-1001. This earth drill with the help of shock-rotary drilling carries out geological exploration work.

From what and how to make a drill yourself?

In any private country house there are manyproblems that can be solved only with the help of special tools. This can be the organization of water supply, installation of all kinds of supports, planting and care of plants, etc.

Of course, everything you need can be easily found in any construction shop. But it's much cheaper and more practical to make a tool yourself. It does not take much time and effort.

Homemade drilling is done with the help of elementarytools that exist in almost every home or garage. To do this, you need an abrasive wheel for turning the cutting elements and a welding machine.

The device will consist of the drill itself, a metal pole and a special twist handle. In work also the armature in length about 2 m and a metal sheet can be necessary.

Step-by-Step Assembly Instructions

The drill is a fairly simple device. But even in this tool there are several features. Therefore, before you get down to business and design, for example, a self-made drill for pillars manual, you need to carefully study the instructions.

Let's highlight several stages:

1. Assembling and securing the working blade. To do this, you need a sheet of strong metal. And you need to determine in advance the type of work for which the drill will be used. The blanks must be 5-10 mm larger than the required diameter of the holes.

2. Preparation of the main basis. To do this, take a rod, which is firmly fixed in the vice. Then a couple of holes are made in it. Nuts with finished blades will be tightened here. It should be borne in mind that these holes should be larger by 1-2 mm.

3. The shaping of the blades. This will require a Bulgarian. To give the blades the appearance of a kind of screw, a radial incision is made. Then the lower part is sharpened.

4. A sharp tip. This is necessary for work with various hard rocks and frozen earth. The end can be sharpened or welded a pre-prepared drill bit. In this case, there must necessarily be screw grooves at the bottom of the rack.

5. The handle. It can be welded tightly or bolted, which will allow you to regulate the depth of drilling. In advance it is necessary to take care of wear and corrosion of structural elements. Therefore, the hand drill needs to be treated with special compounds and covered with paint. And only after that it can be fully used.

Diamond drill: properties and application

The needs of modern society constantlygrow. Therefore, science and progress do not stand still. Since the creation of the first drill, it has become necessary to make wells not only in various rocks and frozen soils, but also in particularly hard materials.

Therefore, new powerful tools have appeared,working in any conditions. One such is a diamond drill. This device has excellent performance due to special spraying.

As you know, the diamond is the hardest on earthmaterial. In quality, it exceeds even concrete and metal. But the technology using diamond spraying, appeared only in the middle of the last century. It was used exclusively in Western countries. In Russia, this technology appeared and did just a few years ago. In this case, not only a diamond drill, but also a diamond rope and cutting wheels are used in the work. They are different in scope and device.

Diamond drill is a hollow cylinder made of metal. At its edge, diamonds are soldered. This tool is used for cutting materials such as:

• Brickwork.
• Foam concrete, reinforced and reinforced concrete.
• Granite.
• Marble and artificial stone.
• Metal.
• Asphalt-concrete coating.

Diamond borer operates on the principle of grinding,when by means of the appropriate spraying and filling the material is broken and washed. It is actively used in construction and dismantling, as well as in various types of production and even in scientific and research activities.

Why use screw auger?

Modern equipment is not actively usedonly in the industrial, but also in the household. The screw auger is most often used by non-professionals in the garden, at the dacha and in the private sector. It is a special pipe, wrapped in steel tape. Augers are fastened together by a thread and a figured connection. The principle of this tool is based on rotary drilling, in which the destruction of rocks occurs by loosening and cutting. The shredded material is delivered to the top with a special auger.

This type of equipment, like many others, has a number of features. The main advantages are the following:

• Easy to operate. Thanks to its design, it is quite easy and convenient to use this tool.
• Reducing the number of tripping operations and increasing drilling speed.
• Versatility. This tool is suitable for a variety of works: construction, research, etc. Any well with a hand drill is done quickly and easily. You do not need to be a professional.

There are such types of tools used in auger drilling:

• Lobed chisels.
• Non-penetrating and through-running building augers.
• Drilling rods.
• Screwers, screw augers and sub-assemblies.

Some interesting facts

Virtually every object or tool fromOur everyday life has its own history. And during this time a huge number of diverse facts and interesting incidents accumulate. So with the drill habitual today:

1. The deepest artificial well is the Kola. Its drilling began back in 1970. Until 1990, they dug as much as 12,262 meters. At the same time, an ordinary earth drill was used.

The price of such a tool today depends onthe country of origin and the complexity of the equipment. The hand tool usually costs about 1500-2000 rubles, while foreign installations - from 25 000 rubles and above.

2. Russia has a huge reserve of underground fresh water. And the most effective way of production for today is drilling wells. But even so, only 10% of the total reserves are used.

3. The impetus to the use of diamond coating for drilling rigs was the invention of synthetic diamond. At the same time, for the first time such instruments appeared in Europe. And then spread to the whole world.

4. Diamond rope and discs used in standard drilling equipment have emerged due to the development of technologies, materials and construction. They are designed specifically for cutting particularly hard rocks. Diamond drilling can also have a foundation drill. This greatly speeds up and simplifies the work.

5. Fuel by drilling wells was first produced in China. It was 2,300 years earlier than the Europeans and Americans.